Access to water and sanitation among people with disabilities: results from cross-sectional surveys in Bangladesh, Cameroon, India and Malawi

OBJECTIVES: To assess access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) among people with disabilities at the household and individual level. DESIGN: Cross-sectional surveys. SETTING: Data were included from five district-level or regional-level surveys: two in Bangladesh (Bangladesh-1, Bangladesh-2), and one each in Cameroon, Malawi and India. PARTICIPANTS: 99 252 participants were sampled across the datasets (range: 3567-75 767), including 2494 with disabilities (93-1374). OUTCOME: Prevalence of access to WASH at household and individual level. DATA ANALYSIS: Age/sex disaggregated disability prevalence estimates were calculated accounting for survey design. The Unicef/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme definitions were used to classify facilities as improved/unimproved. Multivariable logistic regression was undertaken to compare between households with/without a person with a disability, and to identify predictors…