Saturation magnetization and band gap tuning in BiFeO3 nanoparticles via co-substitution of Gd and Mn

In this investigation, Gd and Mn co-doped Bi 0.85 Gd 0.15 Fe 1−x Mn x O 3 (x = 0.0–0.15) nanoparticles have been prepared to report the influence of co-substitution on their structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties. Due to simultaneous substitution of Gd and Mn in BiFeO 3 , the crystal structure has been modified from rhombohedral ( R 3 c ) to orthorhombic ( Pn2 1 a ) and the Fe O Fe bond angle and Fe O bond length have been changed. For Mn doping up to 10% in Bi 0.85 Gd 0.15 Fe 1−x Mn x O 3 nanoparticles, the saturation magnetization (M s ) has been enhanced significantly, however, for a further increase of doping…