Challenges and Barriers to Self-Care Among Heart Failure Patients in South Asian Countries - A Scoping Review

INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is caused the structural and functional changes leading inadequate blood flow to the tissues. (Mcmahon et al., 2024). Approximately 31.89 million cases of heart failure (HF) has been estimated in 2019. The South Asia which consists of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Siri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives 1.8 billion. It is 23% of the global population (Martinez-Amezcua et al., 2020). The heart failure in South Asia is due to due the presence of multiple factors such as diabetes, hypertension and pollution (Srinivasan et al., 2024). The studies have identified high mortality and frequent hospitalization are results of heart failure. The detrimental effects of HF can be alleviated by self-care, which involves following recommended plan, symptoms recognition, and…