Adaptive multilevel attention deeplabv3+ with heuristic based frame work for semantic segmentation of aerial images using improved golden jackal optimization algorithm

Semantic segmentation of small-scale objects in aerial images is challenging due to low-level characteristics in neural networks and varying information in feature maps. Deeplab models struggle with poor edge refinement, resulting in rough borders, and fail to fully exploit relationships between pixel categories at different distances. To addressing the issue in deeplab series, an adaptive multi-level attention based deeplabv3+ (AMLA-Deeplabv3+) with improved golden jackal optimization algorithm is implemented in this paper. Multi-level attention unit has been included in the Atrous spatial pyramid pooling module in the encoder section of deeplabv3+ to bridge the semantic feature gap among encoders output. To put more weights on relevant features squeeze and excitation units has been included in the decoder section of deeplabv3+. The…