Emergence of Marburg Virus Disease in West Africa amid COVID-19 and Ebola: Efforts, Challenges, and Recommendations to Prevent the Next Public Health Crisis

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a type of hemorrhagic fever caused by a genetically unique animal-borne RNA virus of the filovirus family-like Ebola virus. The African fruit bat is the known reservoir of this virus, and due to its animal-to-animal, animal-to-human, and human-to-human transmission patterns, it is capable of rapid spread. The history of previous MVD outbreaks shows that this can be highly fatal, and the fatality rate can reach up to 90%.