Fuel classification and adulteration detection using a highly sensitive plasmonic sensor

In this paper, a plasmonic refractive index sensor is proposed based on a square ring-type resonator with gratings, which is coupled with a straight metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide that has two triangular stubs. The adulteration of fuel may have detrimental effects on a variety of systems, including automobiles, people's health, and even the environment, in addition to reducing fuel economy. That is why this sensor has been designed for classifying different types of fuels and detecting the extent of adulteration in fuel. The finite element method (FEM) has been applied for numerical analysis of the structure. The sensor monitors the changes in the resonant wavelength and how light passes through the resonator to figure out the unknown material's refractive index. The…