Cytokinin and gibberellic acid-mediated waterlogging tolerance of mungbean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L. Wilczek)

Background Mungbean ( Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is one of the most important pulse crops, well-known for its protein-rich seeds. Growth and productivity are severely undermined by waterlogging. Methods In this study, we aim to evaluate how two promising phytohormones, namely cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), can improve waterlogging tolerance in mungbean by investigating key morphological, physiological, biochemical, and yield-related attributes. Results Our results showed that foliar application of CK and GA 3 under 5-day of waterlogged conditions improved mungbean growth and biomass, which was associated with increased levels of photosynthetic rate and pigments. Waterlogged-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the consequently elevated levels of malondialdehyde were considerably reduced by CK and GA 3 treatments. Mungbean…