Insight into the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of biostimulating effect of Ascophyllum nodosum and Moringa oleifera extracts to minimize cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rice

Cadmium (Cd) is a serious threat for environmental sustainability as it can be taken up quickly by plants and transported to the food chain of living organisms. It alters plants' metabolic and physiological activities and causes yield loss, thereby, enhancing plant tolerance to Cd stress is of utmost essential. Therefore, an experiment was executed to investigate the potential role of Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract (MLE) to confer Cd tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa cv. BRRI dhan89). Thirty-five-day-old seedling was subjected to Cd stress (50 mg kg -1 CdCl 2 ) alone and in a combination of ANE (0.25%) or MLE (0.5%) in a semi-controlled net house. Exposure to Cd resulted in accelerated production of…