Advances in nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery–A review

Nanoparticles have transformed contemporary medicine by improving bioavailability, targeting, and drug release mechanisms. Traditional drug delivery methods typically exhibit minimal therapeutic efficacy due to rapid elimination, inadequate solubility, and systemic toxicity. The distinctive physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles provide targeted drug distribution to specific areas, reducing harmful consequences. The several kinds of nanoparticles extensively researched for their potential applications in drug delivery encompass polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles. These carriers enhance therapeutic efficacy via passive and active targeted methodologies, encompassing ligand-based functionalisation and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Given that traditional chemotherapy frequently results in significant adverse effects and inadequate drug accumulation at tumor sites, a paramount application of nanoparticles is the targeted…