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Journal ArticleOpen Access

Three Thousand Motion-confirmed L and T Dwarf Candidates from the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project

Author Affiliations
United States Naval Observatory, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian, NSF NOIRLab, ...
Published InThe Astronomical Journal
Year2026

Abstract

Abstract The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project uses data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer to detect infrared objects with significant motion. In this work, we present the majority of the L and T dwarf candidates discovered through this effort. For each candidate, we provide proper motion measurements as well as optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared photometry (when available), photometric spectral types and distance estimates. 3006 new motion-confirmed discoveries are presented in this work, 2357 with L-type photometric spectral types and 649 with T-type photometric spectral types. We also present an additional 80 objects as likely L or T dwarfs based on available photometry, but for which a significant motion measurement could not be obtained. We identify 28 objects…
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