Prediction of seasonal urban thermal field variance index using machine learning algorithms in Cumilla, Bangladesh

The intensity and formation of urban heat island (UHI) phenomena are closely related to land use/land cover (LULC) and land surface temperature (LST) change. The effect of UHI can be described quantitatively by urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI). For measuring urban health and ensuring sustainable development, the analysis of LST and UTFVI are receiving boosted attention. This study predicted LULC, seasonal (summer & winter) LST, and UTFVI variations using machine learning algorithms (MLAs) in Cumilla City Corporation (CCC), Bangladesh. Landsat 4–5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI satellite images were used for 1999, 2009, and 2019 to predict future scenarios for 2029 and 2039. MLAs such as Cellular Automata (CA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods were used to predict…