Piceatannol as a multi-target neuroprotective agent: mechanistic insights and therapeutic prospects in neurological disorders

Neurological disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and stroke involve oxidative stress and inflammation. Current treatments mainly ease symptoms but have side effects. Piceatannol, a natural polyphenol, shows promise as a safer, multi-target neuroprotective agent. This review aims to compile and analyze preclinical evidence on PCN, elucidate its underlying mechanisms, and explore its therapeutic prospects in the management of neurological disorders. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar, incorporating in vitro and in vivo studies that evaluated PCN in relevant models. Findings indicate that PCN exerts neuroprotection through potent antioxidant effects, enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and activating Nrf2 signaling while suppressing proinflammatory mediators via nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells…