A comparison of lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in formula and human milk samples from Northern Ireland mothers

Background Two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin are found in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye where they are believed to protect it against oxidative and light damage. The amounts of these carotenoids consumed by premature infants are not known. Objective The objective of the investigation was to measure these carotenoids in human and formulae milks. Design In all, 28 human milk samples were obtained at various times between days 1 and 41 of lactation from 13 mothers. Six formula milks commonly used in hospitals were also analysed. Setting Mothers who provided the milk samples had infants in the neonatal ward at the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast. Results Median lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in human milk were 4.79 (range 0.42-9.98)…