Engineering multifunctional dynamic hydrogel for biomedical and tissue regenerative applications

Hydrogels have emerged in various biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and medical devices, due to their ability to imitate the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues. However, conventional static hydrogels lack the ability to dynamically respond to changes in their surroundings to withstand the robust changes of the biophysical microenvironment and to trigger on-demand functionality such as drug release and mechanical change. In contrast, multifunctional dynamic hydrogels can adapt and respond to external stimuli and have drawn great attention in recent studies. It is realized that the integration of nanomaterials into dynamic hydrogels provides numerous functionalities for a great variety of biomedical applications that cannot be achieved by conventional hydrogels. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances…