Removal of toxic methyl orange by a cost-free and eco-friendly adsorbent: Mechanism, phytotoxicity, thermodynamics, and kinetics

This article describes the adsorptive removal of acute toxic methyl orange (MO) dye using natural jackfruit leaves powder (JLP) adsorbent without any chemical modification. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and point of zero charge (pHZPC) Analyses. Under the optimized condition, the highest removal efficiency of MO dye was found to be 78.10%. The adsorption kinetic models ensued pseudo-second order kinetics (R2 > 0.99) and mixed diffusion process (bulk and intra-particle diffusion). The Langmuir model was well fitted (R2 > 0.99) compared to other isotherms and indicated exothermic monolayer adsorption. The study of thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption was…