Recent advances in optical and photoelectrochemical nanobiosensor technology for cancer biomarker detection

Cancer remains the most lethal disease in today's scientific and technological age, claiming the lives of thousands of people every day. In many cases, cancer can be cured with our present technology interventions when it is detected at an early stage. State-of-the-art diagnostic devices are one of the viable strategies to combat cancer. Among various methods, optical and photoelectrochemical biosensors are the most popular for detecting cancer. This review article has focused on different optical analysis techniques and photoelectrochemical techniques for the early diagnosis of cancer via the detection of several cancer biomarkers. Optical analysis techniques involve the use of light properties such as resonance, interference, luminescence, scattering, etc. To detect analytes with high sensitivity and specificity making the techniques…