Complex networks of multiple factors in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma

Objective To summarize the information regarding pathogenetic factors of leiomyoma formation and growth, and to make a simple integrated pathogenetic view of this tumor for further thinking to establish new therapeutic options. Design PubMed and Google Scholar searches were conducted to identify the relevant studies on pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma, which are hereby reviewed and discussed. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Not applicable. Intervention(s) Not applicable. Main outcome measure(s) Not applicable. Result(s) To date, the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas is not well understood. However, genetic alterations (especially MED12 and HMGA2) and involvement of epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA) in leiomyoma provide the clue of initiator of this tumor. Estrogens and P are considered as promoters of leiomyoma…