Characterization of phenylalanine ammonium lyase gene family in Datura stramonium and expression analysis in response to nanoparticles-aluminium oxide (Al2O3NPs) and tungsten oxide (WO3NPs)

The phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) gene family is essential for secondary metabolite production, an important component of plant defense mechanisms. This study characterized the PAL gene family in an important medicinal plant Datura stramonium . Bioinformatics tools were used to identify and analyze PAL gene’s characteristics like phylogenetic relationships, subcellular localization, conserved domains and motifs, cis-elements, and protein structure. In addition, we examined gene expression in response to aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 NPs) and tungsten oxide particles (WO 3 NPs) nanoparticles, which are known to induce stress responses in plants. Twelve PAL genes were identified ( DsPAL1 - DsPAL12 ), with protein lengths ranging from amino acids 108–446. These proteins are located in different cellular regions, suggesting…