Nexus between economic growth, energy use, urbanization, agricultural productivity, and carbon dioxide emissions: New insights from Bangladesh

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, notably carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are causing global climate change, which poses enormous hazards to human life, the environment, development, and sustainability. Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural country experiencing continuous economic growth and rapid urbanization which is causing higher energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The present study empirically explores the nexus between economic growth, energy use, urbanization, agricultural productivity, and CO2 emissions in Bangladesh. Time series data from 1972 to 2018 were utilized by employing the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approach. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test revealed evidence of cointegration among the variables in the long run which has been verified by the Johansen cointegration test and Engle-Granger cointegration test. The empirical findings…