Nanostructured graphene materials utilization in fuel cells and batteries: A review

Energy demand is increasing in the present world where it is essential to explore alternative energy resource that is clean, renewable and sustainable. Graphene is now receiving the great attention as it possesses excellent properties such as high charge mobility up to 230,000 cm2/Vs, 3000 W/m.K thermal conductivity, 2.3% absorption of visible light, strong mechanical strength of 130 GPa and high specific surface area of 2600 m2/g. These properties can be altered depending on synthesis techniques to obtain graphene such as; mechanical exfoliation, reduction of graphene oxide, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and epitaxial growth of graphene. Furthermore, different characteristics of graphene can be employed for different applications in energy conversion and storage, for example, fuel cell and lithium ion battery.…