Insights into the socio-economic impacts of traffic congestion in the port and industrial areas of Chittagong city, Bangladesh

Traffic congestion is one of the major barriers to the economic development of developing economies, resulting in severe social and economic impacts. The severity of traffic congestion in port and industrial areas is more thought-provoking than destructive barriers. The purpose of this research is to better understand the social, economic, and environmental effects of road traffic congestion in a developing city's port and industrial areas. This study adopted an on-site survey strategy to collect data from regular road-users by administering questionnaires, performing volume count surveys, and measuring travel time, delay time, and vehicle speed throughout the day. Along with documenting numerous social impacts, this assessment also assessed the impacts on stress through a four-point Likert-type scale. The congestion level in…