Biomass to biofuel: Impacts and mitigation of environmental, health, and socioeconomic challenges

• Focuses on environmental, health, and socioeconomic impacts of biofuel production. • Points out mitigation strategies for land use, biodiversity, and water management. • Aligns biofuel production with sustainable development goals. • Promotes second- and third-generation biofuels to reduce food and land competition. • Emphasizes policies and technologies for sustainable and equitable biofuel systems. Biomass-derived biofuels hold immense potential to address global energy demands sustainably while mitigating climate change. However, its environmental, health, and socioeconomic implications present significant challenges that must be addressed comprehensively. This paper bridges existing gaps by providing a holistic review of the impacts and mitigation strategies associated with biofuel production. It presents key concerns, including land-use changes, water depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, and health…