Long-Term (2003–2019) Air Quality, Climate Variables, and Human Health Consequences in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Long-term trends in air quality by studying the criteria pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , CO, O 3 , NO 2 , and SO 2 ) and climate variables (temperature, surface pressure, and relative humidity) were depicted in this study. The 17-year (2003–2019) average values of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , CO, O 3 , NO 2 , and SO 2 were 88.69 ± 9.76 μg/m 3 , 124.57 ± 12.75 μg/m 3 , 0.69 ± 0.06 ppm, 51.42 ± 1.82 ppb, 14.87 ± 2.45 ppb, and 8.76 ± 2.07 ppb, respectively. The trends among the ambient pollutants were increasingly significant ( p < 0.05) except for O 3 with slopes of 1.83 ± 0.15 μg/m 3 /year,…