Biochar properties and lead(II) adsorption capacity depend on feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, and steam activation

Biochar is a promising material for facilitating the reclamation of oil sands process water (OSPW); however, how biochar properties can be optimized for metal removal from OSPW is not well studied. This study was conducted to determine relationships among feedstock type, pyrolysis condition, biochar property, and lead(II) adsorption capacity to demonstrate the potential use of biochar for metal removal from a synthetic OSPW. Sawdust, canola and wheat straw, and manure pellet were pyrolyzed at 300, 500, and 700 °C, with or without steam activation. Increasing pyrolysis temperature increased, with a few exceptions, biochar pH, surface area, and carbon content, but decreased hydrogen and oxygen contents and surface functional groups. Steam activation increased surface area but did not affect other properties.…