Ethnic differences in the progression of chronic kidney disease and risk of death in a UK diabetic population: an observational cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To determine ethnic differences in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and risk of end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and death in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to identify predictors of rapid renal decline. DESIGN: Observational community-based cohort study undertaken from 2006 to 2016 with nested case-control study. SETTING: 135 inner London primary care practices contributing to the east London Database. PARTICIPANTS: General practice-registered adults aged 25-85 years with established T2DM and CKD at baseline. OUTCOMES: The annual rate of renal decline was compared between white, south Asian and black groups, and stratified by proteinuria and raised blood pressure (BP) at baseline. Predictors of rapid renal decline were identified in a nested case-control study. Cox proportional…