Assessing seasonal dynamics of land surface temperature (LST) and land use land cover (LULC) in Bhairab, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh: A geospatial analysis from 2008 to 2023

Changes in LULC triggered by urbanization lead to an increase in impermeable surface, which seriously deteriorates urban climatic conditions and thermal status (LST). Under this circumstance, we analyze the spatiotemporal deviation of LST and LULC from 2008 to 2023 by using remote sensing Landsat satellite images of Bhairab, Kishoreganj. Major findings are the highly increasing trend of settlement area (7%–23% in summer and 8.5%–19.0% in winter) and waterbody whereas the decreasing trend of agriculture, vegetation and barren land. The thermal status observation indicates the extreme weather conditions, whereas the summer became more hotter (31 °C–34 °C max T), and the winter became more colder (28 °C–24 °C max T). The insights can assist local authorities in restructuring future development plans…