Remediation of water pollution with native cyclodextrins and modified cyclodextrins: A comparative overview and perspectives

Although native and modified cyclodextrins (CDs) are somewhat effective in environmental applications, there is a continued interest in understanding their distinct role in various applications and effectiveness. This review highlights the tremendous efforts that have been made to enhance the efficiency of CDs for challenging environmental applications such as treating multi-pollutant mixtures or elucidating sorption mechanisms. To overcome these limitations, the modification of CDs using cross-linking agents has attracted attention due to their distinctive abilities to interact with a variety of environmental pollutants. The interest in new CD derivatives has resulted in the creation of many novel materials, including cross-linked polymers or hydrogels, effective cross-linkers, CD-based composites, CD-immobilized supports, CD-based membranes, and molecularly impregnated functional materials. Some basic questions concerning…