Explainable AI-Based Humerus Fracture Detection and Classification from X-Ray Images

The human skeletal framework relies heavily on bones, and one such crucial component is the “Humerus.” Positioned in the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow junction, the Humerus provides essential structural support for muscles and facilitates upper-body movement, particularly in the arms and hands. Consequently, Humerus fractures significantly impact daily life, causing disruptions and limitations. This paper presents a thorough exploration of an Explainable AI-based Humerus Fracture Detection and Classification system, employing various deep learning models. Leveraging a dataset of 1266 X-ray images, encompassing fractured and non-fractured humerus bones from the publicly available “MURA” dataset, our research evaluates the effectiveness of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), VGG16, VGG19, DenseNet121, and DenseNet169 in detecting fractures. After 30 epochs of…