Identification of High NOx Emissions of Refuse Trucks Based on a Smoothed <i>Z</i> -Score Algorithm

The NOx emissions from sanitation vehicles have been a key issue for urban air quality. This study collected driving operation data of a refuse truck based on the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) platform in Nanjing, China. By classifying certain operation modes (including garbage collection activity and garbage transportation under different conditions), a Smoothed Z-score Algorithm was applied to identify the high NOx emissions of refuse trucks. The results show that the high emissions extracted by the algorithm account for 8.2% of the total duration and covers 40.4% of the NOx emissions in the whole process. Besides, the probability of high NOx emissions in different driving scenarios from the perspective of conditional probability is obtained to achieve the identification of high NOx…