Studies on pathology and diagnosis of ascites syndrome (AS) in poultry-mini review

Ascites syndrome, a metabolic disorder, has become one of the most noticeable non-infectious causes of losses in the broiler industry worldwide, leading to increased mortalities ranging from 5% to 7% or large-scale condemnation of carcasses at slaughter. Ascites presents a significant challenge and has caused substantial economic losses in the global poultry industry. Ascites syndrome (AS), also known as pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS), refers to the gradual buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity, often triggered by inadequate oxygen levels. Incidence rates have been reported ranging from 4% to 10% in different parts of the world, including China, Bangladesh, Iran, and India. The peak occurrence of ascites is typically observed in the 5th or 6th week of the growing period,…