Efficient encapsulation of toxic dyes from wastewater using several biodegradable natural polymers and their composites

The removal of organic dyes from wastewater by innovative effluent treatment plant, which can truly clean the wastewater without leaving any fragments of dye species without generating secondary waste, is one of the prime challenges to the present world. The natural polymers were wheat flour, turmeric powder, pure starch, starch nanoparticles and some other forms of rice or wheat grains, while the synthetic polymeric adsorbents were polyaniline (PAni) and PAni/starch composites systematically studied for dyes adsorption. The cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), and an anionic dye, orange green (OG), from aqueous solutions through the adsorption using ten adsorbents of three categories; natural and synthetic polymers, and their composites, were widely investigated. The adsorbents either prepared or pre-treated were characterized using…