Emily S. Gurley, Joel M. Montgomery, M. Jahangir Hossain, Michael Bell et al.
An encephalitis outbreak was investigated in Faridpur District, Bangladesh, in April-May 2004 to determine the cause of the outbreak and risk factors for disease. Biologic specimens were tested for Nipah virus. Surfaces were evaluated for Nipah virus contamination by using reverse transcription-PCR ...
Stephen P. Luby, Mahmudur Rahman, M. Jahangir Hossain, Lauren S. Blum et al.
We investigated an outbreak of encephalitis in Tangail District, Bangladesh. We defined case-patients as persons from the outbreak area in whom fever developed with new onset of seizures or altered mental status from December 15, 2004, through January 31, 2005. Twelve persons met the definition; 11 ...
Bárbara Brito, Luis L. Rodrı́guez, J. M. Hammond, Julio Pinto et al.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus affects livestock worldwide. There are seven different serotypes, each with a diversity of topotypes, genetic lineages and strains. Some lineages have different properties that may contribute to sporadic spread beyond their recognized endemic areas. The objective o...
Michael K. Lo, Friederike Feldmann, Joy Gary, Robert Jordan et al.
spp. fruit bats, to humans, it causes respiratory and neurological disease with a case-fatality rate about 70%. Human-to-human transmission has been observed during Nipah virus outbreaks in Bangladesh and India. A therapeutic treatment for Nipah virus disease is urgently needed. Here, we tested the ...
Abdullah H Baqui, Robert E. Black, Mohammad Yunus, Ashfaqul Hoque et al.
Baqui A H (Community Health Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh) (ICDDR, B) GPO Box 128, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh), Black R E, Yunus Md, Hoque A R A, Chowhury H R and Sack R B. Methodological issues in diarrhoeal diseases epidemiology: definition of diarrhoeal ep...
David E. Swayne
There are 30 recorded epizootics of H5 or H7 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) from 1959 to early 2012. The largest of these epizootics, affecting more birds and countries than the other 29 epizootics combined, has been the H5N1 HPAI, which began in Guangdong China in 1996, and has killed or...
Mark C. Steinhoff, Saad B. Omer, Eliza Roy, Shams El Arifeen et al.
The authors present antibody data for mothers and infants from a trial of influenza vaccine in pregnant women. The observations suggest that maternal immunization results in the presence of antibod...
David T. S. Hayman, Wiku Adisasmito, Salama Almuhairi, Casey Barton Behravesh et al.
The health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the environment are inter-dependent. Global anthropogenic change is a key driver of disease emergence and spread and leads to biodiversity loss and ecosystem function degradation, which are themselves drivers of disease emergence. Pathogen...
Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Wanda Markotter, Dominique Charron, Wiku Adisasmito et al.
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Sayantan Banerjee, Nitin Gupta, Parul Kodan, Ankit Mittal et al.
Nipah virus, an enveloped ribonucleic acid virus, has been a major cause of encephalitis out-breaks with high mortality, primarily in the Indo-Bangladesh regions. Except for the first outbreak in Malaysia-Singapore, which was related to contact with pigs and the outbreak in Philippines associated wi...
Jasmine Turner, Mohammed M. Feeroz, Mahmudul Hasan, Sharmin Akhtar et al.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses have been recognized as threats to public health in Bangladesh since 2007. Although live bird markets (LBMs) have been implicated in the transmission, dissemination, and circulation of these viruses,...
Marius Gilbert, Scott H. Newman, John Y. Takekawa, Leo Loth et al.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus persists in Asia, posing a threat to poultry, wild birds, and humans. Previous work in Southeast Asia demonstrated that HPAI H5N1 risk is related to domestic ducks and people. Other studies discussed the role of migratory birds in the long distance...
Leo Loth, Marius Gilbert, M. G. Osmani, Abul M. Kalam et al.
Between March 2007 and July 2009, 325 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI, subtype H5N1) outbreaks in poultry were reported in 154 out of a total of 486 sub-districts in Bangladesh. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial patterns of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks and quantified the relationship betwe...
Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Jens Peter Christensen, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed, Himel Barua et al.
To determine the epidemiology of outbreaks of avian influenza A virus (subtypes H5N1, H9N2) in chickens in Bangladesh, we conducted surveys and examined virus isolates. The outbreak began in backyard chickens. Probable sources of infection included egg trays and vehicles from local live bird markets...
Nicholas J. Negovetich, Mohammed M. Feeroz, Lisa Jones‐Engel, David Walker et al.
Avian influenza surveillance in Bangladesh has been passive, relying on poultry farmers to report suspected outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza. Here, the results of an active surveillance effort focusing on the live-bird markets are presented. Prevalence of influenza infection in the bird...