Firdausi Qadri, Swadesh K. Das, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, George J. Fuchs et al.
The prevalence of toxin types and colonization factors (CFs) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was prospectively studied with fresh samples (n = 4,662) obtained from a 2% routine surveillance of diarrheal stool samples over 2 years, from September 1996 to August 1998. Stool samples were tes...
Sandra Panchalingam, Martín Antonio, Anowar Hossain, Inácio Mandomando et al.
To understand the etiology of moderate-to-severe diarrhea among children in high mortality areas of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, we performed a comprehensive case/control study of children aged <5 years at 7 sites. Each site employed an identical case/control study design and each utilized a u...
Ira M. Longini, Azhar Nizam, Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Yunus et al.
BACKGROUND: Although advances in rehydration therapy have made cholera a treatable disease with low case-fatality in settings with appropriate medical care, cholera continues to impose considerable mortality in the world's most impoverished populations. Internationally licensed, killed whole-cell ba...
Prabhat K. Talukdar, Md Mizanur Rahman, Mahdia Rahman, Ashikun Nabi et al.
BACKGROUND: Unsafe water supplies continue to raise public health concerns, especially in urban areas in low resource countries. To understand the extent of public health risk attributed to supply water in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, Escherichia coli isolated from tap water samples collected from differ...
Qifang Bi, Eva Ferreras, Lorenzo Pezzoli, Dominique Legros et al.
BACKGROUND: Killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (kOCVs) are becoming a standard cholera control and prevention tool. However, vaccine efficacy and direct effectiveness estimates have varied, with differences in study design, location, follow-up duration, and vaccine composition posing challenges...
Michael L. Bennish
Complications that can lead to death during shigellosis include intestinal as well as systemic manifestations. The former include intestinal perforation, toxic megacolon, and dehydration, and the latter include sepsis, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, seizures and encephalopathy, hemolyticuremic syndrome...
Wasif Ali Khan, Carlos Seas, Ujjwal Dhar, Mohammed Abdus Salam et al.
BACKGROUND: Treatment of shigellosis is currently limited by the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of Shigella. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of shigellosis. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING: Diarrhea treatment center in Dh...
Ana A. Weil, Ashraful Islam Khan, Fahima Chowdhury, Regina C. LaRocque et al.
BACKGROUND: Multiple Vibrio cholerae infections in the same household are common. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of V. cholerae infection and associated clinical symptoms in household contacts of patients with cholera and to identify risk factors for development of severe d...
Toshio Shimada, Eiji Arakawa, Kenichiro Itoh, Tadayuki Okitsu et al.
M. John Albert, Shah M. Faruque, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, P K Neogi et al.
Diarrheal diseases are highly prevalent in Bangladesh. However, the relative contribution of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli organisms--those that are enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enteroinvasive, enterohemorrhagic, enteroaggregative, and diffuse adherent--to diarrhea in Bangladesh...
R. Bradley Sack, Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammad Yunus, Eradul H. Khan
Antimicrobial resistance is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of enteric infections, particularly those due to Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (associated with traveler's diarrhea), and Salmonella typhi. The rate of antimicrobial resistance is highest in th...
Mami Taniuchi, Shihab U. Sobuz, Sharmin Begum, James A Platts-Mills et al.
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea causes enormous morbidity and mortality in developing countries, yet the relative importance of multiple potential enteropathogens has been difficult to ascertain. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal cohort study from birth to 1 year of age in 147 infants in Dhaka, Bangladesh. ...
Marianne Jertborn, Ann‐Mari Svennerholm, Jan Holmgren
The possibility that antibody responses in serum, saliva, or breast milk samples to oral vaccines or enteric infections may reflect the intestinal immune response was evaluated in Bangladeshi volunteers orally immunized with a cholera B subunit-whole-cell vaccine (B + WCV) and in patients convalesci...
M. John Albert, Khorshed Alam, Moydul Islam, Jacqueline Montanaro et al.
Hafnia alvei, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, was the only species of bacteria cultured from the stool of a 9-month-old child who was admitted with a 3-day history of watery diarrhea. The isolated strain of H. alvei failed to produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins or Shiga-like t...
Robert E. Black, Myron M. Levine, M L Clements, Charles R. Young et al.
Natural protection from cholera is associated with local intestinal antibacterial and antitoxic antibodies, which appear to act synergistically. Although current parenteral cholera vaccines offer insufficient protection, new vaccines administered orally have more promise. Killed Vibrio cholerae, alo...