Fatimah S. Dawood, A. Danielle Iuliano, Carrie Reed, Martin I. Meltzer et al.
Background 18,500 laboratory-confirmed deaths caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 were reported worldwide for the period April, 2009, to August, 2010. This number is likely to be only a fraction of the true number of the deaths associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1. We aimed to est...
Rogelio Pérez‐Padilla, Daniela de la Rosa‐Zamboni, Samuel Ponce de Leon, Mauricio Hernández et al.
BACKGROUND: In late March 2009, an outbreak of a respiratory illness later proved to be caused by novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) was identified in Mexico. We describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of persons hospitalized for pneumonia at the national tertiary ho...
Khalequz Zaman, Eliza Roy, Shams El Arifeen, Mahbubur Rahman et al.
BACKGROUND: Young infants and pregnant women are at increased risk for serious consequences of influenza infection. Inactivated influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women but is not licensed for infants younger than 6 months of age. We assessed the clinical effectiveness of inactivated infl...
Harish Nair, W. Abdullah Brooks, Mark Katz, Anna Roca et al.
Background The global burden of disease attributable to seasonal influenza virus in children is unknown. We aimed to estimate the global incidence of and mortality from lower respiratory infections associated with influenza in children younger than 5 years. Methods We estimated the incidence of infl...
Stella G. Muthuri, Sudhir Venkatesan, Puja Myles, Jo Leonardi‐Bee et al.
Background Neuraminidase inhibitors were widely used during the 2009–10 influenza A H1N1 pandemic, but evidence for their effectiveness in reducing mortality is uncertain. We did a meta-analysis of individual participant data to investigate the association between use of neuraminidase inhibitors and...
Xin Wang, You Li, Katherine L. O’Brien, Shabir A. Madhi et al.
BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million influenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this s...
Ali Ahmed, Kah S. Lee, Allah Bukhsh, Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi et al.
The increase in Muslim parents' refusal and hesitancy to accept childhood vaccination was identified as one of the contributing factors in the increase of vaccine-preventable diseases cases in countries such as Afghanistan, Malaysia and Pakistan. The spread of inaccurate and irresponsible informatio...
Kathryn E. Lafond, Harish Nair, Mohammad Hafiz Rasooly, Fátima Valente et al.
BACKGROUND: The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has be...
P. Streefland, Rajiv Chowdhury, Pilar Ramos-Jimenez
Immunization is one of the major public health interventions to prevent childhood morbidity and death. The Expanded Programme on Immunization has gathered momentum worldwide since 1974. The range of vaccines in the programme is being expanded in the years to come. All across the globe, a high level ...
Eduardo Azziz Baumgartner, Christine N. Dao, Sharifa Nasreen, Mejbah Bhuiyan et al.
BACKGROUND: Although influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease that annually causes substantial disease burden, data on virus activity in tropical countries are limited. We analyzed publicly available influenza data to better understand the global circulation of influenza viruses. METHOD: We review...
Tom Jefferson, Liz Dooley, Eliana Ferroni, Lubna A. Al‐Ansary et al.
BACKGROUND: Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pose a global threat. Examples are influenza (H1N1) caused by the H1N1pdm09 virus in 2009, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Antiviral...
WHO/OIE/FAO H5N1 Evolution Working Group
BACKGROUND: Continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) throughout many regions of the eastern hemisphere has led to the emergence of new phylogenetic groups. A total of 1637 new H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) sequences have become available since the previous nomenclature recommendat...
Kathryn E. Lafond, Rachael M. Porter, Melissa Whaley, Suizan Zhou et al.
BACKGROUND: Influenza illness burden is substantial, particularly among young children, older adults, and those with underlying conditions. Initiatives are underway to develop better global estimates for influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of in...
Ole Fröbert, Matthias Götberg, David Erlinge, Zubair Akhtar et al.
Background: Observational and small, randomized studies suggest that influenza vaccine may reduce future cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: We conducted an investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind trial to compare inactivated influenza vaccine with saline...
Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Mark C. Steinhoff, Saad B. Omer, Monica McNeal et al.
BACKGROUND: Antenatal immunization of mothers with influenza vaccine increases serum antibodies and reduces the rates of influenza illness in mothers and their infants. We report the effect of antenatal immunization on the levels of specific anti-influenza IgA levels in human breast milk. (ClinicalT...