Jeremiah Chakaya, Mishal Khan, Francine Ntoumi, Eleni Aklillu et al.
The October 2020 Global TB report reviews TB control strategies and United Nations (UN) targets set in the political declaration at the September 2018 UN General Assembly high-level meeting on TB held in New York. Progress in TB care and prevention has been very slow. In 2019, TB remained the most c...
Katherine L. O’Brien, Henry C. Baggett, W. Abdullah Brooks, Daniel R. Feikin et al.
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years. In this study, we estimated causes of pneumonia in young African and Asian children, using novel analytical methods applied to clinical and microbiological findings. METHODS: We did a multi-site, international c...
Peter C. Appelbaum
Clinical resistance to penicillin in Streptococcus pneumoniae was first reported by researchers in Boston in 1965; subsequently, this phenomenon was reported from Australia (1967) and South Africa (1977). Since these early reports, penicillin resistance has been encountered with increasing frequency...
Armand Van Deun, K. J. M. Aung, Valentin Bola, Rossin Lebeke et al.
The rapid diagnosis of rifampin resistance is hampered by a reported insufficient specificity of molecular techniques for detection of rpoB mutations. Our objective for this study was to document the prevalence and prognostic value of rpoB mutations with unclear phenotypic resistance. The study desi...
Giovanni Battista Migliori, Simon Tiberi, Alimuddin Zumla, Eskild Petersen et al.
The continuous flow of new research articles on MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation requires frequent update of existing guidelines. This review is aimed at providing clinicians and public health staff with an updated and easy-to-consult document arising from consensus of Glob...
Orin S. Levine, Katherine L. O’Brien, Maria Deloria Knoll, Richard A. Adegbola et al.
Matteo Zignol, Anna Dean, Natavan Alikhanova, Sönke Andres et al.
BACKGROUND: Pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones are essential antituberculosis drugs in new rifampicin-sparing regimens. However, little information about the extent of resistance to these drugs at the population level is available. METHODS: In a molecular epidemiology analysis, we used population-bas...
Roberta M. O’Connor, Rehaan Shaffie, Gagandeep Kang, Honorine Ward
Introduction Cryptosporidium spp. are intestinal protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa, which cause diarrheal disease in humans worldwide (reviewed in [1–6]). In immunocompetent individuals, infection with this parasite may be asymptomatic or cause a self-limiting diarrheal illness. However,...
Sanju Gautam, Nipun Shrestha, Sweta Mahato, Tuan Nguyen et al.
The escalating burden of diabetes is increasing the risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and has a pervasive impact on TB treatment outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the burden of diabetes among TB patients and assess its impact on TB treatment in...
Stephanie W. Lo, Kate C. Mellor, Robert Cohen, Alba Redin Alonso et al.
BACKGROUND: Serotype 24F is one of the emerging pneumococcal serotypes after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). We aimed to identify lineages driving the increase of serotype 24F in France and place these findings into a global context. METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing was per...
Dhanya Kumar, J. M. Watson, André Charlett, Sarala Nicholas et al.
BACKGROUND: A national survey of tuberculosis notifications in England and Wales was carried out in 1993 to determine the notification rate of tuberculosis and the trends in the occurrence of disease by ethnic group in comparison with the findings of similar surveys in 1978/79, 1983, and 1988. The p...
W. Abdullah Brooks, Robert F. Breiman, Doli Goswami, Anowar Hossain et al.
We undertook active population-based surveillance in 5,000 urban households among children < 5 years old to determine invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence, serotype distribution, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance, which have not been previously described in population-base...
David A. Jolliffe, Davaasambuu Ganmaa, Christian Wejse, Rubhana Raqib et al.
BACKGROUND: Randomised controlled trials of adjunctive vitamin D in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) treatment have yielded conflicting results. Individual participant data meta-analysis could identify factors explaining this variation. METHODS: We meta-analysed individual participant data from randomise...
Nicholas I. Paton, Laurence Borand, Jubert Benedicto, Mar Mar Kyi et al.
Asia has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) in the world. Optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of LTBI is one of the key strategies for achieving the WHO 'End TB' targets. We report the discussions from the Asia Latent TubERculosis (ALTER) expert panel meeting h...
Daniel E. Park, Henry C. Baggett, Stephen R. C. Howie, Qiyuan Shi et al.
BACKGROUND.: There is limited information on the association between colonization density of upper respiratory tract colonizers and pathogen-specific pneumonia. We assessed this association for Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. METHODS....