Ansel Hsiao, Akhter Ahmed, Sathish Subramanian, Nicholas W. Griffin et al.
Given the global burden of diarrhoeal diseases, it is important to understand how members of the gut microbiota affect the risk for, course of, and recovery from disease in children and adults. The acute, voluminous diarrhoea caused by Vibrio cholerae represents a dramatic example of enteropathogen ...
Rita R. Colwell, Anwar Huq, M. Sirajul Islam, K. M. A. Aziz et al.
Based on results of ecological studies demonstrating that Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of epidemic cholera, is commensal to zooplankton, notably copepods, a simple filtration procedure was developed whereby zooplankton, most phytoplankton, and particulates >20 microm were removed from wate...
Chiho Matsumoto, Jun Okuda, Masanori Ishibashi, Masaaki Iwanaga et al.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 strains responsible for the increase in the number of cases of diarrhea in Calcutta, India, beginning in February 1996 and those isolated from Southeast Asian travelers beginning in 1995 were shown to belong to a unique clone characterized by possession of the tdh gene ...
Jongsik Chun, Christopher J. Grim, Nur A. Hasan, Jehee Lee et al.
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a bacterium autochthonous to the aquatic environment, and a serious public health threat. V. cholerae serogroup O1 is responsible for the previous two cholera pandemics, in which classical and El Tor biotypes were dominant in the sixth and the curr...
Shah M. Faruque, Iftekhar Bin Naser, M. Johirul Islam, Abu Syed Golam Faruque et al.
The relationship among (i) the local incidence of cholera, (ii) the prevalence in the aquatic environment of Vibrio cholerae, and (iii) bacterial viruses that attack potentially virulent O1 and O139 serogroup strains of this organism (cholera phages) was studied in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Over nearly a 3...
M. John Albert, Abdullah Siddique, M. Sirajul Islam, Abu Syed Golam Faruque et al.
Mark L. Tamplin, Anne L. Gauzens, Anwar Huq, David A. Sack et al.
Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1, the causative agent of cholera, is capable of surviving in aquatic environments for extended periods and is considered an autochthonous species in estuarine and brackish waters. These environments contain numerous elements that may affect its ecology. The studies report...
Roger I. Glass, Stan Becker, M. I. Huq, Barbara J. Stoll et al.
Since 1963, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), formerly the Cholera Research Laboratory, has maintained a field station in Matlab to treat patients from a surveillance population of 240,000 who have cholera and other diarrheal diseases. Since 1966, the au...
JohnD Clemens, Jeffrey R. Harris, M. R. Khan, BradfordA. Kay et al.
The protective efficacy of oral B subunit killed whole-cell (BS-WC) and killed whole-cell (WC) cholera vaccines was assessed in 63 498 Bangladeshi children aged 2-15 years and women aged over 15 years. Each received three doses of BS-WC, WC, or placebo in a randomised, double-blinded fashion. Survei...
CHOLERAWORKINGGROUPINTERNATION
Xavier Rodó, Mercedes Pascual, George J. Fuchs, Abu Syed Golam Faruque
We present here quantitative evidence for an increased role of interannual climate variability on the temporal dynamics of an infectious disease. The evidence is based on time-series analyses of the relationship between El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and cholera prevalence in Bangladesh (former...
John D. Clemens, David A. Sack, Jeffrey R. Harris, J. Chakraborty et al.
The B subunit (BS) of cholera toxin and that of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are antigenically similar. We therefore assessed whether a combined cholera toxin BS/whole-cell (BS-WC) oral vaccine against cholera conferred cross-protection against LT-produ...
Shah M. Faruque, Kuntal Biswas, S. M. Nashir Udden, Qazi Shafi Ahmad et al.
The factors that enhance the waterborne spread of bacterial epidemics and sustain the epidemic strain in nature are unclear. Although the epidemic diarrheal disease cholera is known to be transmitted by water contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, routine isolation of pathogenic strains from ...
M. John Albert, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, Shah M. Faruque, R. Bradley Sack et al.
The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, is a major center for research into diarrheal diseases. The center treats more than 100,000 patients a year. To obtain useful information representative of all patients, a surveillance system in which a 4% systematic sample of all...
Mohammad Ali, Michael Emch, Lorenz von Seidlein, Mohammad Yunus et al.
Background Decisions about the use of killed oral cholera vaccines, which confer moderate levels of direct protection to vaccinees, can depend on whether the vaccines also provide indirect (herd) protection when high levels of vaccine coverage are attained. We reanalysed data from a field trial in B...