Igor Rudan
Childhood pneumonia is the leading single cause of mortality in children aged less than 5 years. The incidence in this age group is estimated to be 0.29 episodes per child-year in developing and 0.05 episodes per child-year in developed countries. This translates into about 156 million new episodes ...
Harish Nair, W. Abdullah Brooks, Mark Katz, Anna Roca et al.
Background The global burden of disease attributable to seasonal influenza virus in children is unknown. We aimed to estimate the global incidence of and mortality from lower respiratory infections associated with influenza in children younger than 5 years. Methods We estimated the incidence of infl...
Harish Nair, Eric A. F. Simões, Igor Rudan, Bradford D. Gessner et al.
Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods...
Igor Rudan, Shams El Arifeen, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Robert E. Black et al.
Igor Rudan and colleagues report the results of their consensus building exercise that identified health research priorities to help reduce child mortality from pneumonia.
Igor Rudan, Shams El Arifeen, Robert E. Black, Harry Campbell
Childhood pneumonia and diarrhoeal disease cause almost half of all child deaths globally. Effective interventions against these conditions are available and could prevent about two-thirds of these deaths. We argue that part of the reason for the lack of success in delivering these interventions is ...
Harry Campbell, Shams El Arifeen, Tabish Hazir, James O’Kelly et al.
Pneumonia remains a major cause of child death globally, and improving antibiotic treatment rates is a key control strategy. Progress in improving the global coverage of antibiotic treatment is monitored through large household surveys such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Multipl...
Igor Rudan, Jennifer Gibson, Lydia Kapiriri, Mary Ann Lansang et al.
This article reviews theoretical and practical approaches for setting priorities in global child health research investments. It also provides an overview of previous attempts to develop appropriate tools and methodologies to define priorities in health research investments. A brief review of the mo...
Igor Rudan, Sachiyo Yoshida, Kit Yee Chan, Devi Sridhar et al.
BACKGROUND: Several recent reviews of the methods used to set research priorities have identified the CHNRI method (acronym derived from the "Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative") as an approach that clearly became popular and widely used over the past decade. In this paper we review the ...
Mark Tomlinson, Mickey Chopra, David Sanders, Debbie Bradshaw et al.
CITATION: Tomlinson, M., et al. 2007. Setting priorities in child health research investments for South Africa. PLoS Medicine, 4(8): 1293-1298, doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040259.
Julia Webster, Evropi Τheodoratou, Harish Nair, Ang Choon Seong et al.
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) or pneumococcus is estimated to cause 821,000 child deaths each year. It has over 90 serotypes, of which 7 to 13 serotypes are included in current formulations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines th...
Tabish Hazir, Khadija Begum, Shams El Arifeen, Amira M. Khan et al.
BACKGROUND: Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia as measured by Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) is a key indicator for tracking progress in achieving Millennium Development Goal 4. Concerns about the validity of this indicator led us to perform an eva...
Harish Nair, Vasundhara Verma, Evropi Τheodoratou, Lina Zgaga et al.
BACKGROUND: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children. It is estimated to cause approximately 33.8 million new episodes of ALRI in children annually, 96% of these occurring in developing countries. It is also estimated to result i...
Lydia Kapiriri, Mark Tomlinson, Mickey Chopra, Shams El Arifeen et al.
AIM: To identify main groups of stakeholders in the process of health research priority setting and propose strategies for addressing their systems of values. METHODS: In three separate exercises that took place between March and June 2006 we interviewed three different groups of stakeholders: 1) me...
Dwight Stambolian, Robert Wojciechowski, Konrad Oexle, Mario Pirastu et al.
Visual refractive errors (REs) are complex genetic traits with a largely unknown etiology. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of moderate size have identified several novel risk markers for RE, measured here as mean spherical equivalent (MSE). We performed a GWAS using a total of 7280 ...
Daisy Higginson, Evropi Τheodoratou, Harish Nair, Tanvir Huda et al.
BACKGROUND: Measles was responsible for an estimated 100,000 deaths worldwide in 2008. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, measles remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. Although a safe and effective injectable measles vaccine has been available for over 50 year...
Harish Nair, Eva Yi Hung Lau, William Brooks, Ang Choon Seong et al.
BACKGROUND: Influenza is an under-appreciated cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children. It is estimated to cause approximately 20 million new episodes of ALRI in children annually, 97% of these occurring in developing countries. It is also estimated to result in 28000 to 112000...
Abdullah H Baqui, Rasheda Khanam, Mohammad Sayedur Rahman, Aziz Ahmed et al.
OBJECTIVES: The AMANHI study aims to seek for biomarkers as predictors of important pregnancy-related outcomes, and establish a biobank in developing countries for future research as new methods and technologies become available. METHODS: AMANHI is using harmonised protocols to enrol 3000 women in e...
Ozren Polašek, Kerri Wazny, Davies Adeloye, Peige Song et al.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to the functioning of societies and their health systems. Prior to the pandemic, health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) were particularly stretched and vulnerable. The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) sought to...
Alastair G Catto, Lina Zgaga, Evropi Τheodoratou, Tanvir Huda et al.
BACKGROUND: Oxygen therapy is recommended for all of the 1.5 - 2.7 million young children who consult health services with hypoxemic pneumonia each year, and the many more with other serious conditions. However, oxygen supplies are intermittent throughout the developing world. Although oxygen is wel...
Debajeet Choudhuri, Tanvir Huda, Evropi Τheodoratou, Harish Nair et al.
BACKGROUND: Meningococcal meningitis is a major cause of disease worldwide, with frequent epidemics particularly affecting an area of sub-Saharan Africa known as the "meningitis belt". Neisseria meningitidis group A (MenA) is responsible for major epidemics in Africa. Recently W-135 has emerged as a...