James A Platts-Mills, Sudhir Babji, Ladaporn Bodhidatta, Jean Gratz et al.
BACKGROUND: Most studies of the causes of diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries have looked at severe disease in people presenting for care, and there are few estimates of pathogen-specific diarrhoea burdens in the community. METHODS: We undertook a birth cohort study with not only int...
James A Platts-Mills, Jie Liu, Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Furqan Kabir et al.
BACKGROUND: Optimum management of childhood diarrhoea in low-resource settings has been hampered by insufficient data on aetiology, burden, and associated clinical characteristics. We used quantitative diagnostic methods to reassess and refine estimates of diarrhoea aetiology from the Etiology, Risk...
Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Jie Liu, James A Platts-Mills, Furqan Kabir et al.
BACKGROUND: Enteropathogen infections in early childhood not only cause diarrhoea but contribute to poor growth. We used molecular diagnostics to assess whether particular enteropathogens were associated with linear growth across seven low-resource settings. METHODS: We used quantitative PCR to dete...
Caroline Amour, Jean Gratz, Estomih Mduma, Erling Svensen et al.
BACKGROUND: Enteropathogen infections have been associated with enteric dysfunction and impaired growth in children in low-resource settings. In a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED), we describe the epidemiology and impact of Campylobacter infection in the first 2 years of life. METHODS: Children...
Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Luther A. Bartelt, James A Platts-Mills, Jessica C. Seidman et al.
BACKGROUND.: Giardia are among the most common enteropathogens detected in children in low-resource settings. We describe here the epidemiology of infection with Giardia in the first 2 years of life in the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Conseq...
Saba Rouhani, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Maribel Paredes Olórtegui, Mery Siguas Salas et al.
BACKGROUND: Norovirus is an important cause of childhood diarrhea. We present data from a longitudinal, multicountry study describing norovirus epidemiology during the first 2 years of life. METHODS: A birth cohort of 1457 children across 8 countries contributed 7077 diarrheal stools for norovirus t...
Eric R. Houpt, Jean Gratz, Margaret Kosek, Anita K. M. Zaidi et al.
A central hypothesis of The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study is that enteropathogens contribute to growth faltering. To examine this question, the MAL-ED network of investigators set ou...
Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Richard L. Guerrant, Alexandre Havt, Ila F.N. Lima et al.
BACKGROUND: Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) have been associated with mildly inflammatory diarrhea in outbreaks and in travelers and have been increasingly recognized as enteric pathogens in young children with and without overt diarrhea. We examined the risk factors for EAEC infections and their a...
Benjamin McCormick, Gwenyth O. Lee, Jessica C. Seidman, Rashidul Haque et al.
Growth and development shortfalls that are disproportionately prevalent in children living in poor environmental conditions are postulated to result, at least in part, from abnormal gut function. Using data from The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and ...
Poonum Korpe, Cristian Valencia, Rashidul Haque, Mustafa Mahfuz et al.
Background: Cryptosporidium species are enteric protozoa that cause significant morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. We characterized the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in children from 8 resource-limited sites in Africa, Asia, and South America. Methods: Children were enrolled within 17 ...
Maribel Paredes Olórtegui, Saba Rouhani, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Mery Siguas Salas et al.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Astroviruses are important drivers of viral gastroenteritis but remain understudied in community settings and low- and middle-income countries. We present data from 8 countries with high prevalence of diarrhea and undernutrition to describe astrovirus epidemiology and asse...
Samarasimha Reddy N, Nayana P. Nair, Jacqueline E. Tate, Varunkumar Thiyagarajan et al.
BACKGROUND: A three-dose, oral rotavirus vaccine (Rotavac) was introduced in the universal immunization program in India in 2016. A prelicensure trial involving 6799 infants was not large enough to detect a small increased risk of intussusception. Postmarketing surveillance data would be useful in a...
Margaret Kosek, Gwenyth O. Lee, Richard L. Guerrant, Rashidul Haque et al.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe changes in intestinal permeability in early childhood in diverse epidemiologic settings. METHODS: In a birth cohort study, the lactulose:mannitol (L:M) test was administered to 1980 children at 4 time points in the first 24 months of life in 8 countri...
Christel Hoest, Jessica C. Seidman, Gwenyth Lee, James A Platts-Mills et al.
BACKGROUND: Launched in 1974, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is estimated to prevent two-three million deaths annually from polio, diphtheria, tuberculosis, pertussis, measles, and tetanus. Additional lives could be saved through better understanding what influences adherence to the EPI ...
Gwenyth O. Lee, Benjamin McCormick, Jessica C. Seidman, Margaret Kosek et al.
The lactulose mannitol (LM) dual sugar permeability test is the most commonly used test of environmental enteropathy in developing countries. However, there is a large but conflicting literature on its association with enteric infection and host nutritional status. We conducted a longitudinal cohort...