L. E. Murray-Kolb, Zeba Rasmussen, Rebecca J. Scharf, Muneera A. Rasheed et al.
More epidemiological data are needed on risk and protective factors for child development. In The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) cohort study, we assessed child development in a harmonious ...
Paul Jones, Laura L. Pendergast, Barbara A. Schaefer, Muneera A. Rasheed et al.
The home environment provides the context for much of a child's early development. Examples of important aspects of the home environment include safety, cleanliness, and opportunities for cognitive stimulation. This study sought to examine the psychometric properties of an adapted form of the Home O...
Kristen Aiemjoy, Jessica C. Seidman, Senjuti Saha, Sira Jam Munira et al.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of enteric fever, an invasive bacterial infection caused by typhoidal Salmonellae (Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi), is largely unknown in regions without blood culture surveillance. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether new diagnostic serological m...
Margaret Kosek, Gwenyth O. Lee, Richard L. Guerrant, Rashidul Haque et al.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe changes in intestinal permeability in early childhood in diverse epidemiologic settings. METHODS: In a birth cohort study, the lactulose:mannitol (L:M) test was administered to 1980 children at 4 time points in the first 24 months of life in 8 countri...
Benjamin McCormick, Laura E. Caulfield, Stephanie A. Richard, Laura Pendergast et al.
BACKGROUND: Multiple factors constrain the trajectories of child cognitive development, but the drivers that differentiate the trajectories are unknown. We examine how multiple early life experiences differentiate patterns of cognitive development over the first 5 years of life in low-and middle-inc...
Junaid Iqbal, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Megan E. Carey, Zoe A. Dyson et al.
The emergence of XDR Salmonella Typhi in Pakistan has left azithromycin as the only viable oral treatment option. Here, we report the detection of an azithromycin resistance-associated mutation in one S. Typhi isolate. This finding is important because any possible spread of azithromycin resistance ...
Christel Hoest, Jessica C. Seidman, Gwenyth Lee, James A Platts-Mills et al.
BACKGROUND: Launched in 1974, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is estimated to prevent two-three million deaths annually from polio, diphtheria, tuberculosis, pertussis, measles, and tetanus. Additional lives could be saved through better understanding what influences adherence to the EPI ...
Gwenyth O. Lee, Benjamin McCormick, Jessica C. Seidman, Margaret Kosek et al.
The lactulose mannitol (LM) dual sugar permeability test is the most commonly used test of environmental enteropathy in developing countries. However, there is a large but conflicting literature on its association with enteric infection and host nutritional status. We conducted a longitudinal cohort...
Stephanie A. Richard, Benjamin McCormick, Laura E. Murray‐Kolb, Gwenyth O. Lee et al.
BACKGROUND: Poor growth in early childhood has been associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity, as well as long-term deficits in cognitive development and economic productivity. OBJECTIVES: Data from the MAL-ED cohort study were used to identify factors in the first 2 y of life that a...
Benjamin McCormick, Laura E. Murray‐Kolb, Gwenyth O. Lee, Kerry Schulze et al.
BACKGROUND: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is thought to increase the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, but few studies adjust for dietary intakes and systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVE: We tested whether EED is associated with micronutrient deficiency risk independent of diet and systemic ...
Venkata Raghava Mohan, Karthikeyan Ramanujam, Sudhir Babji, Monica McGrath et al.
Background: In a multicountry birth cohort study, we describe rotavirus infection in the first 2 years of life in sites with and without rotavirus vaccination programs. Methods: Children were recruited by 17 days of age and followed to 24 months with collection of monthly surveillance and diarrheal ...
Laura L. Pendergast, The MAL-ED Network Investigators, Barbara A. Schaefer, Laura E. Murray‐Kolb et al.
The Bayley's Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III) were used to measure the development of 24-month-old children (N = 1,452) in the Interactions of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections: Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study (an international, multi...
Laura L. Pendergast, Rebecca J. Scharf, Zeba Rasmussen, Jessica C. Seidman et al.
Background The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) is a screening instrument that has been shown to be an effective measure of depression in postpartum women and is widely used in developing nations. Methods The SRQ was administered to 2028 mothers from eight nations at two time points: one and six m...
Benjamin McCormick, Stephanie A. Richard, Laura E. Caulfield, Laura L. Pendergast et al.
BACKGROUND: Child cognitive development is influenced by early-life insults and protective factors. To what extent these factors have a long-term legacy on child development and hence fulfillment of cognitive potential is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between ...
Gwenyth O. Lee, Stephanie A Richard, Gagandeep Kang, Eric R. Houpt et al.
OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of consensus on how to measure diarrheal severity. Within the context of a multisite, prospective cohort study, we evaluated the performance of a modified Vesikari score (MAL-ED), 2 previously published scores (Clark and CODA [a diarrheal severity score (Community Diarrhe...