Regina C. LaRocque, Jason B. Harris, Michelle Dziejman, Xiaoman Li et al.
ABSTRACT Understanding gene expression by bacteria during the actual course of human infection may provide important insights into microbial pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of Vibrio cholerae , the causative agent of cholera, in clinical specimens from cholera p...
Firdausi Qadri, Mohiul Islam Chowdhury, Shah M. Faruque, Mohammed Abdus Salam et al.
A live oral Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor vaccine, Peru-15 was tested in a double-blind, randomized placebo controlled study for safety and immunogenicity in Phase I and Phase II studies in 240 Bangladeshi children aged 9 months-5 years of age. Two different doses (2x10(7) and 2x10(8)cfu) were tested. V...
David N. Taylor, Kevin Killeen, Dallas C. Hack, Julie Kenner et al.
Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains from Peru, Bangladesh, and Bahrain were attenuated by deletion of a genetic element that encodes virulence factors and RS1. The B subunit of ctx (ctxB) was reintroduced into the recA gene of the deletion mutants, rendering them unable to recombine with exogenous geneti...
Shah M. Faruque, Md Asadulghani, Manujendra N. Saha, A. R. M. A. Alim et al.
Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains are lysogens of CTXPhi, a filamentous phage which encodes cholera toxin. The receptor for CTXPhi for invading V. cholerae cells is the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), the genes for which reside in a larger genetic element, the TCP pathogenicity island. We analyzed 14...
Shah M. Faruque, Vincent C. Tam, Nityananda Chowdhury, Pornphan Diraphat et al.
Cholera outbreaks in subSaharan African countries are caused by strains of the El Tor biotype of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1. The El Tor biotype is the causative agent of the current seventh cholera pandemic, whereas the classical biotype, which was associated with the sixth pandemic, is now extinc...
S. M. Nashir Udden, Muhammad Zahid, Kuntal Biswas, Qazi Shafi Ahmad et al.
The El Tor biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1, causing the current seventh pandemic of cholera, has replaced the classical biotype, which caused the sixth pandemic. The CTX prophages encoding cholera toxin in the two biotypes have distinct repressor (rstR) genes. Recently, new variants of El Tor strains ...
Shah M. Faruque, Md Asadulghani, A. R. M. A. Alim, M. John Albert et al.
In toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the CTX genetic element which carries the genes for cholera toxin (CT) is the genome of a lysogenic bacteriophage (CTXPhi). Clinical and environmental strains of V. cholerae O1 or O139 and stools that were culture positive for cholera were analyzed to study the inductio...
Muhammad Kamruzzaman, S. M. Nashir Udden, D. Ewen Cameron, Stephen B. Calderwood et al.
The factors that enhance the waterborne spread of bacterial epidemics and sustain the pathogens in nature are unclear. The epidemic diarrheal disease cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae spreads through water contaminated with the pathogen. However, the bacteria exist in water mostly as clumps of cells...
Mustafizur Rahman, Kuntal Biswas, M. Anwar Hossain, R. Bradley Sack et al.
The pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae that cause acute enteric infections in humans are derived from environmental nonpathogenic strains. To track the evolution of pathogenic V. cholerae and identify potential precursors of new pathogenic strains, we analyzed 324 environmental or clinical V. cho...
Firdausi Qadri, Mohiul Islam Chowdhury, Shah M. Faruque, Mohammed Abdus Salam et al.
BACKGROUND: A live oral Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor vaccine candidate, Peru-15, was studied for safety, immunogenicity, and excretion in phase 1 (inpatient) and phase 2 (outpatient) studies of Bangladeshi adults.METHODs. The study was conducted among adults, by use of a double-blind, randomized, place...
Muhammad Zahid, S. M. Nashir Udden, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, Stephen B. Calderwood et al.
Seasonal epidemics of cholera in Bangladesh are self-limited in nature, presumably due to phage predation of the causative Vibrio cholerae during the late stage of an epidemic, when cholera patients excrete large quantities of phage in their stools. To further understand the mechanisms involved, we ...
Shah M. Faruque, M. Mostafizur Rahman, Md Asadulghani, Kamrul Islam et al.
ABSTRACT The filamentous bacteriophage CTXΦ, which encodes cholera toxin (CT) in toxigenic Vibrio cholerae , is known to propagate by infecting susceptible strains of V. cholerae by using the toxin coregulated pilus (TCP) as its receptor and thereby causing the origination of new strains of toxigeni...
S. M. Nayeemul Bari, Mohammad Roky, Mahi M. Mohiuddin, Muhammad Kamruzzaman et al.
Cholera epidemics have long been known to spread through water contaminated with human fecal material containing the toxigenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae. However, detection of V. cholerae in water is complicated by the existence of a dormant state in which the organism remains viable, but resists cu...
Shah M. Faruque, Md Asadulghani, Muhammad Kamruzzaman, Ranjan K. Nandi et al.
In toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin is encoded by the CTX prophage, which consists of a core region carrying ctxAB genes and genes required for CTXPhi morphogenesis, and an RS2 region encoding regulation, replication, and integration functions. Integrated CTXPhi is often flanked by another g...
Shah M. Faruque, Jun Zhu, Md Asadulghani, Muhammad Kamruzzaman et al.
The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin, which is encoded by a lysogenic filamentous bacteriophage (CTXPhi), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization factor that is also the receptor for CTXPhi. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of TCP resi...