Benjamin F. Arnold, Clair Null, Stephen P. Luby, Leanne Unicomb et al.
INTRODUCTION: Enteric infections are common during the first years of life in low-income countries and contribute to growth faltering with long-term impairment of health and development. Water quality, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions can independently reduce enteric infections ...
Jonathan H. Epstein, Simon J. Anthony, Ariful Islam, A. Marm Kilpatrick et al.
Significance Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus and World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogen that causes near-annual outbreaks in Bangladesh and India with >75% mortality. This work advances our understanding of transmission of NiV in its natural bat reservoir by analyzing data from a...
Ayşe Ercümen, Amy J. Pickering, Laura H. Kwong, Benjamin F. Arnold et al.
in food (p < 0.05). E. coli in stored water and food increased with increasing E. coli in soil, ponds, source water and hands. We provide empirical evidence of fecal transmission in the domestic environment despite on-site sanitation. Animal feces contribute to fecal contamination, and fecal indicat...
W. Abdullah Brooks, Anowar Hossain, Doli Goswami, Amina Tahia Sharmeen et al.
We confirmed a bacteremic typhoid fever incidence of 3.9 episodes/1,000 person-years during fever surveillance in a Dhaka urban slum. The relative risk for preschool children compared with older persons was 8.9. Our regression model showed that these children were clinically ill, which suggests a ro...
Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Jahangir Hossain, Sharmin Sultana, Nusrat Homaira et al.
INTRODUCTION: We investigated a cluster of patients with encephalitis in the Manikgonj and Rajbari Districts of Bangladesh in February 2008 to determine the etiology and risk factors for disease. METHODS: We classified persons as confirmed Nipah cases by the presence of immunoglobulin M antibodies a...
Val Curtis, Wolf‐Peter Schmidt, Stephen P. Luby, Rocío Florez et al.
Although promotion of safe hygiene is the single most cost-effective means of preventing infectious disease, investment in hygiene is low both in the health and in the water and sanitation sectors. Evidence shows the benefit of improved hygiene, especially for improved handwashing and safe stool dis...
Birgit Nikolay, Henrik Salje, M. Jahangir Hossain, A. K. M. Dawlat Khan et al.
BACKGROUND: Nipah virus is a highly virulent zoonotic pathogen that can be transmitted between humans. Understanding the dynamics of person-to-person transmission is key to designing effective interventions. METHODS: We used data from all Nipah virus cases identified during outbreak investigations i...
Brian Schwartz, Jason B. Harris, Ashraful Islam Khan, Regina C. LaRocque et al.
We examined demographic, microbiologic, and clinical data from patients presenting during 1988, 1998, and 2004 flood-associated diarrheal epidemics at a diarrhea treatment hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Compared with non-flood periods, individuals presenting during flood-associated epidemics were ol...
Stephen P. Luby, Amal Halder, Tarique Md. Nurul Huda, Leanne Unicomb et al.
BACKGROUND: Standard public health interventions to improve hand hygiene in communities with high levels of child mortality encourage community residents to wash their hands with soap at five separate key times, a recommendation that would require mothers living in impoverished households to typical...
Anna Bowen, Huilai Ma, Jianming Ou, Ward Billhimer et al.
Intensive handwashing promotion can reduce diarrheal and respiratory disease incidence. To determine whether less intensive, more scalable interventions can improve health, we evaluated a school-based handwashing program. We randomized 87 Chinese schools to usual practices: standard intervention (ha...
James J. Sejvar, Jahangir Hossain, S K Saha, Emily S. Gurley et al.
OBJECTIVE: Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonosis. Central nervous system disease frequently results in high case-fatality. Long-term neurological assessments of survivors are limited. We assessed long-term neurologic and functional outcomes of 22 patients surviving NiV illness in Bangladesh. MET...
Nusrat Homaira, Md. Abdur Rahman, Jahangir Hossain, Jonathan H. Epstein et al.
In February 2007 an outbreak of Nipah virus (NiV) encephalitis in Thakurgaon District of northwest Bangladesh affected seven people, three of whom died. All subsequent cases developed illness 7-14 days after close physical contact with the index case while he was ill. Cases were more likely than con...
Michael K. Lo, Luis Lowe, Kimberly B. Hummel, Hossain M. S. Sazzad et al.
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis in humans. The initial outbreak of NiV infection occurred in Malaysia and Singapore in 1998-1999; relatively small, sporadic outbreaks among humans have occurred in Bangladesh since 2001. We characterized the compl...
Md Saiful Islam, Hossain M. S. Sazzad, Syed Moinuddin Satter, Sharmin Sultana et al.
Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus, and Pteropus spp. bats are the natural reservoir. From December 2010 through March 2014, hospital-based encephalitis surveillance in Bangladesh identified 18 clusters of NiV infection. The source of infection for case-patients in 3 clusters in 2 districts was un...
Pavani K. Ram, Amal Halder, Stewart P. Granger, Thérèse Jones et al.
Structured observation is often used to evaluate handwashing behavior. We assessed reactivity to structured observation in rural Bangladesh by distributing soap containing acceleration sensors and performing structured observation 4 days later. Sensors recorded the number of times soap was moved. In...