Theo Vos, Ryan M Barber, Brad Bell, Amelia Bertozzi-Villa et al.
Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities f...
Susan Walker, Theodore D. Wachs, Sally Grantham‐McGregor, Maureen M. Black et al.
Inequality between and within populations has origins in adverse early experiences. Developmental neuroscience shows how early biological and psychosocial experiences affect brain development. We previously identified inadequate cognitive stimulation, stunting, iodine deficiency, and iron-deficiency...
Michael Hoffmann, Craig Hilton‐Taylor, Ariadne Angulo, Monika Böhm et al.
Assessing Biodiversity Declines Understanding human impact on biodiversity depends on sound quantitative projection. Pereira et al. (p. 1496 , published online 26 October) review quantitative scenarios that have been developed for four main areas of concern: species extinctions, species abundances a...
Peter Reason, Hilary Bradbury
PART ONE: GROUNDINGS Introduction to Groundings - Peter Reason and Hilary Bradbury Living Inquiry - Patricia Gaya Wicks, Peter Reason and Hilary Bradbury Personal, Political and Philosophical Groundings of Action Research Practice Participatory Action Research as Practice - Marja Liisa Swantz Some T...
A. Grant, A Avenell, Marion Campbell, Andrew M. McDonald et al.
Background Elderly people who have a fracture are at high risk of another. Vitamin D and calcium supplements are often recommended for fracture prevention. We aimed to assess whether vitamin D3 and calcium, either alone or in combination, were effective in prevention of secondary fractures. Methods ...
Monika Böhm, Ben Collen, Jonathan Baillie, Philip Bowles et al.
Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapi...
Katherine L. O’Brien, Henry C. Baggett, W. Abdullah Brooks, Daniel R. Feikin et al.
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years. In this study, we estimated causes of pneumonia in young African and Asian children, using novel analytical methods applied to clinical and microbiological findings. METHODS: We did a multi-site, international c...
Anne CC Lee, Joanne Katz, Hannah Blencowe, Simon Cousens et al.
BACKGROUND: National estimates for the numbers of babies born small for gestational age and the comorbidity with preterm birth are unavailable. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age (term-SGA and preterm-SGA), and the relation to low birthweigh...
K Zaman, Dang Duc Anh, John C. Victor, Sunheang Shin et al.
Background Rotavirus vaccine has proved effective for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developed countries, but no efficacy studies have been done in developing countries in Asia. We assessed the clinical efficacy of live oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine for prevention ...
Harish Nair, Eric A. F. Simões, Igor Rudan, Bradford D. Gessner et al.
Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods...
Jeffrey A. Harvey, Kévin Tougeron, Rieta Gols, Robin Heinen et al.
Abstract Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses to the environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but it also exacerbates the harmful effects of other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, p...
Shafiqul Alam Sarker, Shamima Sultana, Gloria Reuteler, D Moine et al.
BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is rising in important bacterial pathogens. Phage therapy (PT), the use of bacterial viruses infecting the pathogen in a species-specific way, is a potential alternative. METHOD: T4-like coliphages or a commercial Russian coliphage product or placebo was orally give...
Anne CC Lee, Simon Cousens, Stephen Wall, Susan Niermeyer et al.
BACKGROUND: Of 136 million babies born annually, around 10 million require assistance to breathe. Each year 814,000 neonatal deaths result from intrapartum-related events in term babies (previously "birth asphyxia") and 1.03 million from complications of prematurity. No systematic assessment of mort...
Jena Hamadani, Mohammed Imrul Hasan, Andrew Baldi, Sheikh Jamal Hossain et al.
BACKGROUND: Stay-at-home orders (lockdowns) have been deployed globally to control COVID-19 transmission, and might impair economic conditions and mental health, and exacerbate risk of food insecurity and intimate partner violence. The effect of lockdowns in low-income and middle-income countries mu...
Marion Campbell, Claire Snowdon, David Francis, Diana Elbourne et al.
OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with good and poor recruitment to multicentre trials. DATA SOURCES: Part A: database of trials started in or after 1994 and were due to end before 2003 held by the Medical Research Council and Health Technology Assessment Programmes. Part B: interviews with...