Karen L. Kotloff, William C. Blackwelder, Dilruba Nasrin, James P. Nataro et al.
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is a leading cause of illness and death among children aged <5 years in developing countries. This paper describes the clinical and epidemiological methods used to conduct the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), a 3-year, prospective, age-stratified, case/control study to e...
Shah M. Faruque, Iftekhar Bin Naser, M. Johirul Islam, Abu Syed Golam Faruque et al.
The relationship among (i) the local incidence of cholera, (ii) the prevalence in the aquatic environment of Vibrio cholerae, and (iii) bacterial viruses that attack potentially virulent O1 and O139 serogroup strains of this organism (cholera phages) was studied in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Over nearly a 3...
M. John Albert, Abdullah Siddique, M. Sirajul Islam, Abu Syed Golam Faruque et al.
Xavier Rodó, Mercedes Pascual, George J. Fuchs, Abu Syed Golam Faruque
We present here quantitative evidence for an increased role of interannual climate variability on the temporal dynamics of an infectious disease. The evidence is based on time-series analyses of the relationship between El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and cholera prevalence in Bangladesh (former...
M. John Albert, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, Shah M. Faruque, R. Bradley Sack et al.
The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, is a major center for research into diarrheal diseases. The center treats more than 100,000 patients a year. To obtain useful information representative of all patients, a surveillance system in which a 4% systematic sample of all...
Masahiro Hashizume, Ben Armstrong, Shakoor Hajat, Yukiko Wagatsuma et al.
BACKGROUND: We estimated the effects of rainfall and temperature on the number of non-cholera diarrhoea cases and identified population factors potentially affecting vulnerability to the effect of the climate factors in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS: Weekly rainfall, temperature and number of hospital ...
Samba O. Sow, Khitam Muhsen, Dilruba Nasrin, William C. Blackwelder et al.
BACKGROUND: The importance of Cryptosporidium as a pediatric enteropathogen in developing countries is recognized. METHODS: Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), a 3-year, 7-site, case-control study of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and GEMS-1A (1-year study of MSD and less-sever...
Karen L. Kotloff, Dilruba Nasrin, William C. Blackwelder, Yukun Wu et al.
BACKGROUND: Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of illness and death among children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) has described the incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of medically attended moderate-to-severe diarrhoe...
Shah M. Faruque, M. Johirul Islam, Qazi Shafi Ahmad, Abu Syed Golam Faruque et al.
Phage predation of Vibrio cholerae has recently been reported to be a factor that influences seasonal epidemics of cholera in Bangladesh. To understand more about this phenomenon, we studied the dynamics of the V. cholerae-phage interaction during a recent epidemic in Dhaka. Because the outbreak str...
Brian Schwartz, Jason B. Harris, Ashraful Islam Khan, Regina C. LaRocque et al.
We examined demographic, microbiologic, and clinical data from patients presenting during 1988, 1998, and 2004 flood-associated diarrheal epidemics at a diarrhea treatment hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Compared with non-flood periods, individuals presenting during flood-associated epidemics were ol...
Jason B. Harris, Ashraful Islam Khan, Regina C. LaRocque, David J. Dorer et al.
Individuals with blood group O are more susceptible than other individuals to severe cholera, although the mechanism underlying this association is unknown. To assess the respective roles of both intrinsic host factors and adaptive immune responses that might influence susceptibility to infection wi...
Leanne Unicomb, Goutam Podder, Jon R. Gentsch, Patricia Woods et al.
We characterized 1,534 rotavirus (RV) strains collected in Bangladesh from 1992 to 1997 to assess temporal changes in G type and to study the most common G and P types using reverse transcription-PCR, oligonucleotide probe hybridization, and monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay. Results from...
Myron M. Levine, Dilruba Nasrin, Sozinho Acácio, Quique Bassat et al.
BACKGROUND: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) was a 3-year case-control study that measured the burden, aetiology, and consequences of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) in children aged 0-59 months. GEMS-1A, a 12-month follow-on study, comprised two parallel case-control studies, one asse...
Firdausi Qadri, Swadesh K. Das, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, George J. Fuchs et al.
The prevalence of toxin types and colonization factors (CFs) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was prospectively studied with fresh samples (n = 4,662) obtained from a 2% routine surveillance of diarrheal stool samples over 2 years, from September 1996 to August 1998. Stool samples were tes...
Mustafizur Rahman, Rasheda Sultana, Giasuddin Ahmed, Sharifun Nahar et al.
Approximately 20,000 stool specimens from patients with diarrhea visiting 1 urban and 1 rural hospital in Bangladesh during January 2001-May 2006 were tested for group A rotavirus antigen, and 4,712 (24.0%) were positive. G and P genotyping was performed on a subset of 10% of the positive samples (n...