Karen L. Kotloff, James P. Nataro, William C. Blackwelder, Dilruba Nasrin et al.
Background Diarrhoeal diseases cause illness and death among children younger than 5 years in low-income countries. We designed the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) to identify the aetiology and population-based burden of paediatric diarrhoeal disease in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. Met...
Jie Liu, James A Platts-Mills, Jane Juma, Furqan Kabir et al.
Background Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, but establishing the cause can be complicated by diverse diagnostic approaches and varying test characteristics. We used quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to reassess causes of diarrhoea in the Global Enteri...
Lorenz von Seidlein, Deok Ryun Kim, Mohammad Ali, Hyejon Lee et al.
BACKGROUND: The burden of shigellosis is greatest in resource-poor countries. Although this diarrheal disease has been thought to cause considerable morbidity and mortality in excess of 1,000,000 deaths globally per year, little recent data are available to guide intervention strategies in Asia. We ...
Mihai Pop, Alan W. Walker, Joseph N. Paulson, Brianna Lindsay et al.
BACKGROUND: Diarrheal diseases continue to contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in infants and young children in developing countries. There is an urgent need to better understand the contributions of novel, potentially uncultured, diarrheal pathogens to severe diarrheal disease, as w...
Patrick Munk, Christian Brinch, Frederik Duus Møller, Thomas Nordahl Petersen et al.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 7...
Samba O. Sow, Khitam Muhsen, Dilruba Nasrin, William C. Blackwelder et al.
BACKGROUND: The importance of Cryptosporidium as a pediatric enteropathogen in developing countries is recognized. METHODS: Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), a 3-year, 7-site, case-control study of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and GEMS-1A (1-year study of MSD and less-sever...
Karen L. Kotloff, Dilruba Nasrin, William C. Blackwelder, Yukun Wu et al.
BACKGROUND: Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of illness and death among children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) has described the incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of medically attended moderate-to-severe diarrhoe...
W. Abdullah Brooks, Anowar Hossain, Doli Goswami, Amina Tahia Sharmeen et al.
We confirmed a bacteremic typhoid fever incidence of 3.9 episodes/1,000 person-years during fever surveillance in a Dhaka urban slum. The relative risk for preschool children compared with older persons was 8.9. Our regression model showed that these children were clinically ill, which suggests a ro...
Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag, Md. Tahjib‐Ul‐Arif, Marián Brestič, Sonya Afrin et al.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and salicylic acid (SA) exhibit protective effects against a wide array of stresses. In this study, we investigated the relative efficacy of exogenous H2O2 and SA in conferring drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was repeated two times, firstly in a h...
Myron M. Levine, Dilruba Nasrin, Sozinho Acácio, Quique Bassat et al.
BACKGROUND: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) was a 3-year case-control study that measured the burden, aetiology, and consequences of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) in children aged 0-59 months. GEMS-1A, a 12-month follow-on study, comprised two parallel case-control studies, one asse...
Sandra Panchalingam, Martín Antonio, Anowar Hossain, Inácio Mandomando et al.
To understand the etiology of moderate-to-severe diarrhea among children in high mortality areas of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, we performed a comprehensive case/control study of children aged <5 years at 7 sites. Each site employed an identical case/control study design and each utilized a u...
M. John Albert, Khorshed Alam, Moydul Islam, Jacqueline Montanaro et al.
Hafnia alvei, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, was the only species of bacteria cultured from the stool of a 9-month-old child who was admitted with a 3-day history of watery diarrhea. The isolated strain of H. alvei failed to produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins or Shiga-like t...
Regina C. LaRocque, Robert F. Breiman, Mary D. Ari, Roger E. Morey et al.
We collected acute-phase serum samples from febrile patients at 2 major hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during an outbreak of dengue fever in 2001. A total of 18% of dengue-negative patients tested positive for leptospirosis. The case-fatality rate among leptospirosis patients (5%) was higher than a...
Aliya Naheed, Pavani K. Ram, W. Abdullah Brooks, M. Anowar Hossain et al.
BACKGROUND: We conducted blood culture surveillance to estimate the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever among urban slum residents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS: Between January 7, 2003 and January 6, 2004, participants were visited weekly to detect febrile illnesses. Blood cultures were obta...
Brianna Lindsay, John B. Ochieng, Usman N. Ikumapayi, Aliou Touré et al.
Estimates of the prevalence of Shigella spp. are limited by the suboptimal sensitivity of current diagnostic and surveillance methods. We used a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect Shigella in the stool samples of 3,533 children aged <59 months from the Gambia, Mali, Kenya, and Bangladesh, with ...