Christopher J L Murray, Ryan M Barber, Kyle J Foreman, Ayşe Abbasoğlu Özgören et al.
Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age–sex grou...
James A Platts-Mills, Jie Liu, Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Furqan Kabir et al.
BACKGROUND: Optimum management of childhood diarrhoea in low-resource settings has been hampered by insufficient data on aetiology, burden, and associated clinical characteristics. We used quantitative diagnostic methods to reassess and refine estimates of diarrhoea aetiology from the Etiology, Risk...
Margaret Kosek, Tahmeed Ahmed, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Laura E. Caulfield et al.
BACKGROUND: Environmental enteropathy (EE), the adverse impact of frequent and numerous enteric infections on the gut resulting in a state of persistent immune activation and altered permeability, has been proposed as a key determinant of growth failure in children in low- and middle-income populati...
Caroline Amour, Jean Gratz, Estomih Mduma, Erling Svensen et al.
BACKGROUND: Enteropathogen infections have been associated with enteric dysfunction and impaired growth in children in low-resource settings. In a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED), we describe the epidemiology and impact of Campylobacter infection in the first 2 years of life. METHODS: Children...
Fazlur Rahman, Saideep Bose, Michael Linnan, Aminur Rahman et al.
OBJECTIVE: Interventions that mitigate drowning risk in developing countries are needed. This study presents the cost-effectiveness of a low-cost, scalable injury and drowning prevention program called Prevention of Child Injuries through Social-Intervention and Education (PRECISE) in Bangladesh. ME...
Benjamin McCormick, Laura E. Murray‐Kolb, Gwenyth O. Lee, Kerry Schulze et al.
BACKGROUND: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is thought to increase the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, but few studies adjust for dietary intakes and systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVE: We tested whether EED is associated with micronutrient deficiency risk independent of diet and systemic ...
M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar et al.
Efficient treatment of systematic uncertainties that depend on a large number of nuisance parameters is a persistent difficulty in particle physics experiments. Where low-level effects are not amenable to simple parameterization or re-weighting, analyses often rely on discrete simulation sets to qua...
M.G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar et al.
We describe an improved in-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge distributions for each of the in-ice Hamamatsu Photonics R7081-02[MOD] photomultiplier tubes in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The characterization of the individual PMT charge distributions is important for PMT calibr...
Ramya Ambikapathi, Margaret Kosek, Gwenyth O. Lee, Tjale Cloupas Mahopo et al.
Abstract The duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is often defined as the time from birth to the first non‐breast milk food/liquid fed (EBFLONG), or it is estimated by calculating the proportion of women at a given infant age who EBF in the previous 24 h (EBFDHS). Others have measured the total...
Stephanie A Richard, Benjamin McCormick, Jessica C. Seidman, Zeba Rasmussen et al.
Children in low-income countries experience multiple illness symptoms in early childhood. Breastfeeding is protective against diarrhea and respiratory infections, and these illnesses are thought to be risk factors of one another, but these relationships have not been explored simultaneously. In the ...
Benjamin Bose, P. Carrilho, Marco Marinucci, Chiara Moretti et al.
Context. The Euclid space satellite mission will measure the large-scale clustering of galaxies at an unprecedented precision, providing a unique probe of modifications to the ΛCDM model. Aims. We investigated the approximations needed to efficiently predict the large-scale clustering of matter and ...
M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar et al.
Cosmic-ray interactions with the solar atmosphere are expected to produce particle showers which in turn produce neutrinos from weak decays of mesons. These solar atmospheric neutrinos (SAs) have never been observed experimentally. A detection would be an important step in understanding cosmic-ray p...
R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar et al.
Abstract The Surface Enhancement of the IceTop air-shower array will include the addition of radio antennas and scintillator panels, co-located with the existing ice-Cherenkov tanks and covering an area of about 1 km 2 . Together, these will increase the sensitivity of the IceCube Neutrino Observato...
Collaboration, The IceCube Gen2, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Abbasi, Rasha, M. Ackermann et al.
The next generation of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, IceCube-Gen2, will constitute a much larger detector, increasing the rate of high-energy neutrinos. IceCube-Gen2 will address the long-standing questions about astrophysical accelerators. The experiment will also include a surface air-shower d...
Stephanie A Richard, Benjamin McCormick, Laura E. Murray‐Kolb, Crystal L. Patil et al.
The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. However, the transition of the infants' diet to partial breastfeeding with the addition of animal milks and/or solids typically occurs earlier than this. Here, we explored factors associated with the timing of an early transi...
Stephanie A. Richard, Benjamin McCormick, Laura E. Murray‐Kolb, Pascal Bessong et al.
BACKGROUND: Poor growth in early childhood has been considered irreversible after 2-3 years of age and has been associated with morbidity and mortality over the short-term and with poor economic and cognitive outcomes over the long-term. The MAL-ED cohort study was performed in eight low-income sett...
M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar et al.
In this paper we describe the first results of IceAct, a compact imaging air-Cherenkov telescope operating in coincidence with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory (IceCube) at the geographic South Pole. An array of IceAct telescopes (referred to as the IceAct project) is under consideration as part of ...
Lilia Bliznashka, Sandhya Chaudhary, Susan M Rattigan, Sheila Isanaka et al.
BACKGROUND: Community-based treatment of acute malnutrition saves lives, but recovered children remain at risk of relapse postdischarge. Strategies to reduce this risk may include modification of anthropometric discharge criteria. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ant...
Hugo MacDermott-Opeskin, Jenke Scheen, Cas Wognum, Joshua T. Horton et al.
Computational blind challenges offer critical, unbiased assessment opportunities to assess and accelerate scientific progress, as demonstrated by a breadth of breakthroughs over the last decade. We report the outcomes and key insights from an open science community blind challenge focused on computa...
Sera L. Young, Joshua D. Miller, Indira Bose, Shalean M. Collins et al.
The Water Insecurity Experiences Scales are validated tools for reliably and comparably assessing experiences with water access and use in low- and middle-income countries. Although theoretically applicable in high-income countries, their performance in these settings has not been assessed. This stu...