Ting Shi, David McAllister, Katherine L. O’Brien, Eric A. F. Simões et al.
BACKGROUND: We have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) resulting in 55 000 to 199 000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2005. In the past 5 years, major research activity on...
Harish Nair, W. Abdullah Brooks, Mark Katz, Anna Roca et al.
Background The global burden of disease attributable to seasonal influenza virus in children is unknown. We aimed to estimate the global incidence of and mortality from lower respiratory infections associated with influenza in children younger than 5 years. Methods We estimated the incidence of infl...
Harish Nair, Eric A. F. Simões, Igor Rudan, Bradford D. Gessner et al.
Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods...
You Li, Rachel M Reeves, Xin Wang, Quique Bassat et al.
BACKGROUND: Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus are the most common viruses associated with acute lower respiratory infections in young children (<5 years) and older people (≥65 years). A global report of the monthly activity of these viruses is nee...
Shanshan Zhang, Peter M. Sammon, Isobel King, Ana Lúcia Andrade et al.
BACKGROUND: Childhood pneumonia is a major cause of childhood illness and the second leading cause of child death globally. Understanding the costs associated with the management of childhood pneumonia is essential for resource allocation and priority setting for child health. METHODS: We conducted ...
Abdullah H Baqui, Shams El Arifeen, Samir K. Saha, Lars Åke Persson et al.
BACKGROUND: Few Asian countries have introduced Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine because of its cost and uncertainty regarding disease burden. METHODS: To estimate the effectiveness of Hib conjugate vaccine in preventing pneumonia and meningitis in children age <2 years, an inci...
Jennifer C. Moïsi, Samir K. Saha, Adegoke G. Falade, Berthe‐Marie Njanpop‐Lafourcade et al.
BACKGROUND: Accurate etiological diagnosis of meningitis in developing countries is needed, to improve clinical care and to optimize disease-prevention strategies. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and latex agglutination testing are currently the standard diagnostic methods but lack sensitivity. ME...
Shruti Sridhar, Brian Greenwood, Christopher Head, Stanley A. Plotkin et al.
Use of recently licensed vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NmB) will depend partly on disease burden estimates. We systematically reviewed NmB incidence and mortality worldwide between January, 2000, and March, 2015, incorporating data from 37 articles and 12 websites. Most countr...
James Meiring, Malick M. Gibani, Buddha Basnyat, Adwoa Bentsi-Enchill et al.
Typhoid fever is estimated to cause between 11.9-26.9 million infections globally each year with 129,000-216,510 deaths. Access to improved water sources have reduced disease incidence in parts of the world but the use of efficacious vaccines is seen as an important public health tool for countries ...
Natalie I Mazur, Yvette N. Löwensteyn, Joukje E. Willemsen, Christopher Gill et al.
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric death, with >99% of mortality occurring in low- and lower middle-income countries. At least half of RSV-related deaths are estimated to occur in the community, but clinical characteristics of this group of children remain ...
Adriano Arguedas, Krzysztof Trzciński, Katherine L. O’Brien, Daniela M. Ferreira et al.
INTRODUCTION: Most of the current evidence regarding pneumococcal upper respiratory colonization in adults suggests that despite high disease burden, carriage prevalence is low. Contemporary studies on adult pneumococcal colonization have largely followed the pediatric approach by which samples are ...
Bradford D. Gessner
The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine has been administered for almost 20 years in developed countries with remarkable success. More recently, the vaccine has been introduced in resource-poor settings, mainly those in Africa. African countries have documented large declines in Hi...
Bradford D. Gessner, W. Abdullah Brooks, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Guy Vernet et al.
There is an increasing focus on influenza in low-resourced areas as a vaccine-preventable cause of severe lower respiratory disease in young children, especially among those under two years of age. The extent of the disease burden is unclear: current etiologic studies may underestimate the impact of...
Chris A. Rees, Shubhada Hooli, Carina King, Eric D. McCollum et al.
BACKGROUND: Existing scores to identify children at risk of hospitalized pneumonia-related mortality lack broad external validation. Our objective was to externally validate three such risk scores. METHODS: We applied the Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC) for HIV-negative children, th...
Juliane Ankert, Stefan Hagel, Claudia Schwarz, Kaijie Pan et al.
Following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, many countries implemented containment measures to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2. These containment measures were associated with a substantial reduction in the activity of other respiratory viruses as well as bacterial disease such as ...