Stephen P. Luby, Mahbubur Rahman, Benjamin F. Arnold, Leanne Unicomb et al.
BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea and growth faltering in early childhood are associated with subsequent adverse outcomes. We aimed to assess whether water quality, sanitation, and handwashing interventions alone or combined with nutrition interventions reduced diarrhoea or growth faltering. METHODS: The WASH B...
Amy J. Pickering, Clair Null, Peter J. Winch, Goldberg Mangwadu et al.
Child stunting is a global problem and is only modestly responsive to dietary interventions. Numerous observational studies have shown that water quality, sanitation, and handwashing (WASH) in a household are strongly associated with linear growth of children living in the same household. We have co...
Benjamin F. Arnold, Clair Null, Stephen P. Luby, Leanne Unicomb et al.
INTRODUCTION: Enteric infections are common during the first years of life in low-income countries and contribute to growth faltering with long-term impairment of health and development. Water quality, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions can independently reduce enteric infections ...
Christine P. Stewart, Kathryn G. Dewey, Audrie Lin, Amy J. Pickering et al.
Background: Anemia in young children is a global health problem. Risk factors include poor nutrient intake and poor water quality, sanitation, or hygiene. Objective: We evaluated the effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions on micronutrient status and anemia amo...
Elizabeth L. Prado, Charles D. Arnold, K. Ryan Wessells, Christine P. Stewart et al.
BACKGROUND: Small-quantity (SQ) lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) provide many nutrients needed for brain development. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to generate pooled estimates of the effect of SQ-LNSs on developmental outcomes (language, social-emotional, motor, and executive function), and to identi...
Kathryn G. Dewey, Charles D. Arnold, K. Ryan Wessells, Elizabeth L. Prado et al.
BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses show that small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNSs) reduce child wasting and stunting. There is little information regarding effects on severe wasting or stunting. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify the effect of SQ-LNSs on prevalence of severe wasting (weight...
Diane Coffey, Dean Spears
Results of the WASH Benefits trials in Bangladesh and Kenya have been reported by Stephen Luby and colleagues1Luby SP Rahman M Arnold BF et al.Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Bangladesh: a cluster randomised cont...
Jade Benjamin‐Chung, Yoshika S. Crider, Andrew Mertens, Ayşe Ercümen et al.
BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminths and Giardia duodenalis are responsible for a large burden of disease globally. In low-resource settings, household finished floors (eg, concrete floors) might reduce transmission of soil-transmitted helminths and G duodenalis. METHODS: In a prospective cohort o...
Benjamin F. Arnold, Clair Null, Stephen P. Luby, John M. Colford
We appreciate the thoughtful comments from Oliver Cumming and Val Curtis and from Diane Coffey and Dean Spears regarding the Kenya and Bangladesh WASH Benefits trials.1Luby SP Rahman M Arnold BF et al.Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and c...
Purnima Menon, Edward A. Frongillo
Children born to healthy mothers who live in homes with piped water and improved sanitation, are fed adequate diets, and have appropriate health care have better growth outcomes. Yet intervention trials to test the effects of integrated delivery of specific interventions that address elements of the...
Seonaidh Cotton, Linda Sharp, Claire Cochrane, Nicola Gray et al.
BACKGROUND: Although it is recognised that some women experience pain or bleeding during a cervical cytology test, few studies have quantified physical after-effects of these tests. AIM: To investigate the frequency, severity, and duration of after-effects in women undergoing follow-up cervical cyto...
Elizabeth L. Prado, Charles D. Arnold, K. Ryan Wessells, Christine P. Stewart et al.
Abstract Background Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) reduce child stunting and provide many of the fatty acids and micronutrients that are necessary for rapid brain development that occurs during infancy and early childhood. Positive effects of SQ-LNS on developmental outcome...
Ayşe Ercümen, Andrew Mertens, Zachary Butzin-Dozier, Da Kyung Jung et al.
Antibiotics can trigger antimicrobial resistance and microbiome alterations. Reducing pathogen exposure and undernutrition can reduce infections and antibiotic use. We assess effects of water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and nutrition interventions on caregiver-reported antibiotic use in Banglades...
Benjamin F. Arnold, François Rerolle, Christine Tedijanto, Sammy M. Njenga et al.
Cluster randomized trials are often used to study large-scale public health interventions. In large trials, even small improvements in statistical efficiency can have profound impacts on the required sample size and cost. Location integrates many socio-demographic and environmental characteristics i...
Jean H. Humphrey, Amy J. Pickering, Clair Null, Peter J. Winch et al.
We recently completed 3 efficacy trials (Bangladesh, Kenya, Zimbabwe) testing the independent and combined effects of improved complementary feeding (CF) and intensive household water quality, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) on child diarrhea and length-for-age-Z-score (LAZ) at 18 to 24 mo. Intervent...