Lorenz von Seidlein, Deok Ryun Kim, Mohammad Ali, Hyejon Lee et al.
BACKGROUND: The burden of shigellosis is greatest in resource-poor countries. Although this diarrheal disease has been thought to cause considerable morbidity and mortality in excess of 1,000,000 deaths globally per year, little recent data are available to guide intervention strategies in Asia. We ...
Sujit Bhattacharya, Dipika Sur, Mohammad Ali, Suman Kanungo et al.
Background Efficacy and safety of a two-dose regimen of bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (Shantha Biotechnics, Hyderabad, India) to 3 years is established, but long-term efficacy is not. We aimed to assess protective efficacy up to 5 years in a slum area of Kolkata, India. Methods In ...
Firdausi Qadri, Mohammad Ali, Julia Lynch, Fahima Chowdhury et al.
BACKGROUND: A single-dose regimen of inactivated whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is attractive because it reduces logistical challenges for vaccination and could enable more people to be vaccinated. Previously, we reported the efficacy of a single dose of an OCV vaccine during the 6 months fol...
Mohammad Ali, Deok Ryun Kim, Mohammad Yunus, Michael Emch
The study examined the impact of in-situ climatic and marine environmental variability on cholera incidence in an endemic area of Bangladesh and developed a forecasting model for understanding the magnitude of incidence. Diarrhoea surveillance data collected between 1988 and 2001were obtained from a...
Suman Kanungo, Sachin N. Desai, Ranjan K. Nandy, Mihir Kumar Bhattacharya et al.
BACKGROUND: A bivalent killed whole cell oral cholera vaccine has been found to be safe and efficacious for five years in the cholera endemic setting of Kolkata, India, when given in a two dose schedule, two weeks apart. A randomized controlled trial revealed that the immune response was not signifi...
Mohammad Ali, Firdausi Qadri, Deok Ryun Kim, Md Taufiqul Islam et al.
BACKGROUND: Killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are widely used for prevention of cholera in developing countries. However, few studies have evaluated the protection conferred by internationally recommended OCVs for durations beyond 2 years of follow-up. METHODS: In this study, we followe...
Justin Im, Md Taufiqul Islam, Faisal Ahmmed, Deok Ryun Kim et al.
BACKGROUND: Sustained investments in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) have lagged in resource-poor settings; incremental WASH improvements may, nonetheless, prevent diseases such as typhoid in disease-endemic populations. METHODS: Using prospective data from a large cohort in urban Kolkata, Ind...
Mohammad Ali, Young Ae You, Dipika Sur, Suman Kanungo et al.
Background The test-negative design (TND) has emerged as a simple method for evaluating vaccine effectiveness (VE). Its utility for evaluating oral cholera vaccine (OCV) effectiveness is unknown. We examined this method's validity in assessing OCV effectiveness by comparing the results of TND analys...
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Farhana Khanam, Faisal Ahmmed, Justin Im et al.
BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever contributes to approximately 135 000 deaths annually. Achievable improvements in household water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) combined with vaccination using typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) may be an effective preventive strategy. However, little is known about how imp...
Uma Nayak, Suman Kanungo, Dadong Zhang, E. Ross Colgate et al.
The lipid composition of breast milk may have a significant impact on early infant growth and cognitive development. Comprehensive breast milk data is lacking from low-income populations in the Indian subcontinent impeding assessment of deficiencies and limiting development of maternal nutritional i...
Sachin N. Desai, Zenebe Akalu, Samuel Teshome, Mekonnen Teferi et al.
Killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (OCV) has been a key component of a comprehensive package including water and sanitation measures for recent cholera epidemics. The vaccine, given in a two-dose regimen, has been evaluated in a large number of human volunteers in India, Vietnam, and Bangladesh,...
Khalequ Zaman, Deok Ryun Kim, Mohammad Ali, Faisal Ahmmed et al.
BACKGROUND: Cholera remains a major public health threat in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently launched a global initiative to end preventable cholera by 2030. Key to the success of this initiative will be the elimination of cholera transmission in cho...
Fahima Chowdhury, Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Afroza Akter, Md Saruar Bhuiyan et al.
We have earlier reported that a single dose of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is protective in adults and children ≥5 years of age and sustained for 2 years. We enrolled participants (n = 240) from this study, between March-September 2017, over 3 years after receiving a primary single dose. Immune respo...
Justin Im, Farhana Khanam, Faisal Ahmmed, Deok Ryun Kim et al.
Modest improvements in household water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and typhoid vaccination can reduce typhoid risk in endemic settings. However, empiric evaluation of their combined impact is lacking. A total of 62,756 persons residing in 80 clusters in a Kolkata slum were allocated randomly 1:1...
Farhana Khanam, Deok Ryun Kim, Xinxue Liu, Merryn Voysey et al.
Background: A cluster-randomised trial of Vi-tetanus toxoid (Vi-TT) conjugate vaccine conducted in urban Bangladeshi children found a high level of direct protection by Vi-TT but no significant vaccine herd protection. We reassessed the trial using a "fried egg" analysis to evaluate whether herd pro...