Ting Shi, David McAllister, Katherine L. O’Brien, Eric A. F. Simões et al.
BACKGROUND: We have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) resulting in 55 000 to 199 000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2005. In the past 5 years, major research activity on...
Harish Nair, Eric A. F. Simões, Igor Rudan, Bradford D. Gessner et al.
Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods...
Stella G. Muthuri, Sudhir Venkatesan, Puja Myles, Jo Leonardi‐Bee et al.
Background Neuraminidase inhibitors were widely used during the 2009–10 influenza A H1N1 pandemic, but evidence for their effectiveness in reducing mortality is uncertain. We did a meta-analysis of individual participant data to investigate the association between use of neuraminidase inhibitors and...
Xin Wang, You Li, Katherine L. O’Brien, Shabir A. Madhi et al.
BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million influenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this s...
Kathryn E. Lafond, Harish Nair, Mohammad Hafiz Rasooly, Fátima Valente et al.
BACKGROUND: The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has be...
Eduardo Azziz Baumgartner, Christine N. Dao, Sharifa Nasreen, Mejbah Bhuiyan et al.
BACKGROUND: Although influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease that annually causes substantial disease burden, data on virus activity in tropical countries are limited. We analyzed publicly available influenza data to better understand the global circulation of influenza viruses. METHOD: We review...
Kathryn E. Lafond, Rachael M. Porter, Melissa Whaley, Suizan Zhou et al.
BACKGROUND: Influenza illness burden is substantial, particularly among young children, older adults, and those with underlying conditions. Initiatives are underway to develop better global estimates for influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of in...
Rashid Zaman, A. S. M. Alamgir, Mustafizur Rahman, Eduardo Azziz‐Baumgartner et al.
BACKGROUND: Recent population-based estimates in a Dhaka low-income community suggest that influenza was prevalent among children. To explore the epidemiology and seasonality of influenza throughout the country and among all age groups, we established nationally representative hospital-based surveil...
Eduardo Azziz‐Baumgartner, A. S. M. Alamgir, Mustafizur Rahman, Nusrat Homaira et al.
OBJECTIVE: To determine how much influenza contributes to severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), a leading cause of death in children, among people of all ages in Bangladesh. METHODS: Physicians obtained nasal and throat swabs to test for influenza virus from patients who were hospitalized within ...
Nona Jiang, Fahmida Tofail, Shannon Moonah, Rebecca J. Scharf et al.
BACKGROUND: An estimated one-third of children younger than 5 years in low- and middle-income countries fail to meet their full developmental potential. The first year of life is a period of critical brain development and is also when most of the morbidity from infection is suffered. We aimed to det...
Nusrat Homaira, Stephen P. Luby, William A. Petri, Raija Vainionpää et al.
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death in Bangladesh. We conducted a longitudinal study to estimate the incidence of virus-associated pneumonia in children aged <2 years in a low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS: We followed a cohort of children for two yea...
Emily S. Gurley, Nusrat Homaira, Henrik Salje, Pavani K. Ram et al.
Approximately half of all children under two years of age in Bangladesh suffer from an acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) each year. Exposure to indoor biomass smoke has been consistently associated with an increased risk of ALRI in young children. Our aim was to estimate the effect of indoor ...
Salah Uddin Khan, Emily S. Gurley, Nancy Gerloff, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman et al.
Avian influenza viruses, including highly pathogenic strains, pose severe economic, animal and public health concerns. We implemented live bird market surveillance in Bangladesh to identify the subtypes of avian influenza A viruses in domestic waterfowl and market environments. We collected waterfow...
Stella G. Muthuri, Sudhir Venkatesan, Puja Myles, Jo Leonardi‐Bee et al.
BACKGROUND: The impact of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) on influenza-related pneumonia (IRP) is not established. Our objective was to investigate the association between NAI treatment and IRP incidence and outcomes in patients hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. METHODS: A worldwide me...
Emily S. Gurley, Henrik Salje, Nusrat Homaira, Pavani K. Ram et al.
Indoor exposure to particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of acute lower respiratory tract infections, which are the leading cause of death in young children in Bangladesh. Few studies, however, have measured children’s exposures to indoor PM over time. The World Health Organization recommends t...