Stephen P. Luby, Mahbubur Rahman, Benjamin F. Arnold, Leanne Unicomb et al.
BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea and growth faltering in early childhood are associated with subsequent adverse outcomes. We aimed to assess whether water quality, sanitation, and handwashing interventions alone or combined with nutrition interventions reduced diarrhoea or growth faltering. METHODS: The WASH B...
Robert Dreibelbis, Peter J. Winch, Elli Leontsini, Kristyna R. S. Hulland et al.
BACKGROUND: Promotion and provision of low-cost technologies that enable improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices are seen as viable solutions for reducing high rates of morbidity and mortality due to enteric illnesses in low-income countries. A number of theoretical models, explanat...
Benjamin F. Arnold, Clair Null, Stephen P. Luby, Leanne Unicomb et al.
INTRODUCTION: Enteric infections are common during the first years of life in low-income countries and contribute to growth faltering with long-term impairment of health and development. Water quality, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions can independently reduce enteric infections ...
Kristyna R. S. Hulland, Elli Leontsini, Robert Dreibelbis, Leanne Unicomb et al.
BACKGROUND: In Bangladesh diarrhoeal disease and respiratory infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Handwashing with soap reduces the risk of infection; however, handwashing rates in infrastructure-restricted settings remain low. Handwashing stations--a dedicated, convenient...
Christine Marie George, Shirajum Monira, David A. Sack, Mahamud‐ur Rashid et al.
The risk for cholera infection is >100 times higher for household contacts of cholera patients during the week after the index patient seeks hospital care than it is for the general population. To initiate a standard of care for this high-risk population, we developed Cholera-Hospital-Based-Interven...
Sarker Masud Parvez, Rashidul Azad, Mahbubur Rahman, Leanne Unicomb et al.
BACKGROUND: Uptake matters for evaluating the health impact of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions. Many large-scale WASH interventions have been plagued by low uptake. For the WASH Benefits Bangladesh efficacy trial, high uptake was a prerequisite. We assessed the degree of technolog...
Christine Marie George, Shwapon Biswas, Danielle Jung, Jamie Perin et al.
Inadequate hand hygiene is estimated to result in nearly 300,000 deaths annually, with the majority of deaths being among children younger than 5 years. In an effort to promote handwashing with soap and water treatment behaviors among highly susceptible household members of cholera patients, we rece...
Sania Ashraf, Fosiul Alam Nizame, Mahfuza Islam, Notan Chandra Dutta et al.
We conducted a nonrandomized trial of strategies to promote soapy water for handwashing in rural Bangladesh and measured uptake. We enrolled households with children < 3 years for three progressively intensive study arms: promotion of soapy water ( N = 120), soapy water promotion plus handwashing...
Faruqe Hussain, Thomas Clasen, Shahinoor Akter, Victoria Bawel et al.
BACKGROUND: In rural Bangladesh, India and elsewhere, pour-flush pit latrines are the most common sanitation system. When a single pit latrine becomes full, users must empty it themselves and risk exposure to fresh feces, pay an emptying service to remove pit contents or build a new latrine. Double ...
Fosiul Alam Nizame, Elli Leontsini, Stephen P. Luby, Md. Nuruzzaman et al.
This study explored the steps of food preparation, related handwashing opportunities, current practices, and community perceptions regarding foods at high-risk of contamination such as mashed foods and salads. In three rural Bangladeshi villages, we collected qualitative and observational data. Food...
Christine Marie George, Danielle Jung, KM Saif‐Ur‐Rahman, Shirajum Monira et al.
Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age globally. The time patients and caregivers spend at a health facility for severe diarrhea presents the opportunity to deliver water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions. We recently developed Cholera-Hospital-Bas...
Christine Marie George, Fatema Zohura, Alana Teman, Elizabeth Thomas et al.
BACKGROUND: The Cholera-Hospital-Based-Intervention-for-7-Days (CHoBI7) is a handwashing with soap and water treatment intervention program delivered by a health promoter bedside in a health facility and through home visits to diarrhea patients and their household members during the 7 days after adm...
Nusrat Najnin, Karin Leder, Firdausi Qadri, Andrew Forbes et al.
Background: Information on the impact of hygiene interventions on severe outcomes is limited. As a pre-specified secondary outcome of a cluster-randomized controlled trial among >400 000 low-income residents in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we examined the impact of cholera vaccination plus a behaviour change ...
Mahbubur Rahman, Sania Ashraf, Leanne Unicomb, AKM Mainuddin et al.
BACKGROUND: Researchers typically report more on the impact of public health interventions and less on the degree to which interventions were followed implementation fidelity. We developed and measured fidelity indicators for the WASH Benefits Bangladesh study, a large-scale efficacy trial, in order...
Faruqe Hussain, Stephen P. Luby, Leanne Unicomb, Elli Leontsini et al.
Indiscriminate defecation among young children and the unsafe disposal of their feces increases fecal contamination in the household environment and the risk of diarrheal disease transmission. Improved sanitary technology for children too young to use a latrine may facilitate safe feces disposal and...